Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the most prominent procedures for achieving ultra-fine grain (UFG) structures among the various severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on deformation behavior of commercial pure aluminum in the ECAP process is analyzed successfully using three dimensional (3D) by finite element methods (FEMs)...

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of heat transfer to the airflow in the square duct. The main purpose of this study is influence of square ducts on the convective heat transfer mechanism. Under this investigation friction factor and the Nusselt Number were calculated. The reason that square ducts increase the fluid flow turbulence near the wall and also increase ...

We use momentum-transfer arguments to predict the friction factor f in two-dimensional turbulent soap film flows with rough boundaries (an analog of three-dimensional pipe flow) as a function of Reynolds number Re and roughness r , considering separately the inverse energy cascade and the forward enstrophy cascade. At intermediate Re, we predict a Blasius-like friction factor scaling of f propo...

Darcy’s flow friction factor is expressed in implicit form in some of the relations such as Colebrook’s and have to be solved by iteration procedure because the unknown friction factor appears on both sides of the equation. Lambert W function is implicitly elementary but is not, itself, an elementary function. Implicit form of the Lambert W function allows us to transform other implicit functio...

We demonstrate the utility of using the equivalent bottom roughness for calculating the friction factor and the drag coefficient of a seagrass meadow for conditions in which the meadow height is small compared to the water depth. Wave attenuation induced by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica is evaluated using field data from bottom-mounted acoustic doppler veloci meters (ADVs). Using the data fro...

in this paper, overall heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of water based γ-al2o3 nanofluid in a double tube counter flow heat exchanger have been measured experimentally under turbulent flow condition. for better dispersion of γ-al2o3 nanoparticles in distilled water, magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic vibrator (with a power of 240 kw and frequency of 35 khz) were implemented. the stabi...

In this research, the effect of friction between the liquid metal and the sand mould wall and the effect of passage of liquid through a vertical bend and through a ceramic filter on the fluid flow and the melt velocity has been studied by measuring the velocity of the melt and direct observation of the liquid flow through the different parts of a naturally-pressurized running system. The fricti...

In this paper, three-dimensional incompressible laminar fluid flow in a rectangular microchannel heat sink (MCHS) using Al2O3/water nanofluid as a cooling fluid is numerically studied. CFD prediction of fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer properties of nanofluid using single-phase and two-phase model (Eulerian-Eulerian approach) are compared. Hydraulic and thermal performance of microch...