Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) is a kinase/RNase ER stress sensor that is activated in response to excessive accumulation of unfolded proteins, hypoxic conditions, calcium imbalance, and other stress stimuli. Activation of IRE-1 RNase function exerts a cytoprotective effect and has been implicated in the progression of cancer via increased expression of the transcription factor XBP-1s. Her...

Deformylation of the initiator N-formylmethionine does not always proceed to completion for proteins overexpressed in Escherichia coli. To overcome this limitation, the def gene encoding the Escherichia coli peptide deformylase was cloned into the plysS plasmid under the tetracycline (Tc) promoter control. The efficiency of this constitutive level of peptide deformylase expression was demonstra...

Recent data suggest important biological roles for oxidative modifications of methylated cytosines, specifically hydroxymethylation, formylation and carboxylation. Several assays are now available for profiling these DNA modifications genome-wide as well as in targeted, locus-specific settings. Here we present BiQ Analyzer HiMod, a user-friendly software tool for sequence alignment, quality con...

A new method to prepare novel semi-rigid multidentate ligands containing nitrogen atom, to coordinate with rhenium and technetium, was established. The method was based on formylation of substituted anilines, followed by Mannich reaction with glycine and paraformaldehyde. The method was very promising to design ligands of various molecular structures (L1-L5) to coordinate with rhenium metal ion...

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multimodular enzymes that synthesize a myriad of diverse molecules. Tailoring domains have been co-opted into NRPSs to introduce further variety into nonribosomal peptide products. Linear gramicidin synthetase contains a unique formylation-tailoring domain in its initiation module (F-A-PCP). The structure of the F-A di-domain has previously been dete...

Formyl transfer reactions play a key role in the construction of the purine heterocycle during de now purine biosynthesis. Formylation is catalyzed early in the pathway by the purN glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Transformylase, EC 2.1.2.2) in a tetrahydrofolate-dependent manner and also by the purT GAR transformylase in a tetrahydrofolate-independent manner in bacteria. Late in ...