THEODORE J. WEIMAN On July 22, 2004, the House of Representatives passed the Marriage Protection Act of 2004, a bill that would strip the federal courts of jurisdiction over cases challenging the constitutionality of the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act. Two months later, the House passed a similar bill that would curtail federal court jurisdiction for challenges to the constitutionality of the Ple...

Heterogeneous ultra dense networks (HUDNs) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have been identified as two proposing techniques for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems due to their great capabilities to enhance spectrum efficiency. This article investigates the application of NOMA techniques in HUDNs to support massive connectivity in 5G systems. Particularly, a unified...

Removal of heavy metals will allow elimination of toxic substances from environmental samples or will prevent their introduction into the environment. Silica gel will be used to form a complex with other compounds such as nitrilitriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 2mercaptoethanol by an acid catalyzed condensation. Compounds such as NTA were suspended with silica ge...

This article describes and evaluates some of the criteria on the basis of which food advertising to children on television could be regulated, including controls that revolve around the type of television programme, the type of product, the target audience and the time of day. Each of these criteria potentially functions as a conceptual device or "axis" around which regulation rotates. The arti...

We are extremely grateful to each of the commentators for their thoughtful responses to "The Patient Experience in Ontario 2020: What is Possible?" It was helpful to hear the perspective and insights of authors from different jurisdictions and to benefit from their knowledge and experience. There are a number of themes that emerged from the commentaries that we would like to highlight.

We survey and asses the literature on the positive and negative effects of ethnic diversity on economic policies and outcomes. Our focus is on countries, on cities in developed countries (the US) and on villages in developing countries. We also consider the endogenous formation of political jurisdictions and we highlight several open issues in need of further research. Alberto Alesina Departmen...

In 1899 the age of sexual consent in some American jurisdictions was 9 years. It has ranged from 7 to 21 years and at present the range is from 11 to 18 years. The age selected seems to be an arbitrary matter, the product of legislative compromise. The age of sexual consent should not be so early that little protection is provided for a child. Conversely, it should not be so late that a man can...

Developers of gene therapy products (GTPs) must adhere to additional regulation beyond that of traditional small-molecule therapeutics, due to the unique mechanism-of-action of GTPs and the subsequent novel risks arisen. We have provided herein a summary of the regulatory structure under which GTPs fall in the United States, the European Union, and Japan, and a comprehensive overview of the reg...

This investigation was funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration administered by the Texas General Land Office. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies.

Resource management agencies commonly defend controversial policy by claiming adherence to science-based approaches. For example, proponents and practitioners of the "North American Model of Wildlife Conservation," which guides hunting policy across much of the United States and Canada, assert that science plays a central role in shaping policy. However, what that means is rarely defined. We pr...