The study reviews the current sorghum and maize production, processing and utilization in Botswana. Most of the grains produced in Botswana are used for home consumption, while processing of commercial and export commodities are limited both in terms of quantity and extent of processing. The major processing activity by both small scale and large scale firms is grain milling into maize and sorg...

INTRODUCTION: The African continent offers a wide diversity of approaches to cotton sector organization. This has led to recurrent debates about the relative strengths and weaknesses of different forms of organization. Experience has shown that the structure of the markets in which farmers sell their seed cotton has a strong influence on how other activities in the sector are organized (e.g., i...

This paper examines financing and investment structures in the film, television, and music industries of the People’s Republic of China and Latin America. In both regions governments aspire to nurture high-value export-orientated creative sectors. Likewise, creators, producers, and distributors are increasingly targeting lucrative international markets, particularly culturally and linguisticall...

This paper provides explanations for the export patterns of multinational (MNE) manufacturing subsidiaries. Drawing on the results of a large-scale mail survey undertaken in four EU countries (Ireland, Portugal, Spain and the UK), the paper tests formally the determinants of export intensity. This is an under-researched area, despite the well understood complementarities between foreign direct ...

garlic is one of the export crops which has a global reputation in terms of taste and quality. zanjan province produces 23 percent of total garlic crop of iran and is one the hubs of garlic production in the country. effective factors on marketing of garlic is not well studied in this province. therefore, the main purpose of this study is analysis of factors affecting marketing of garlic in zan...

The increasing numbers of organizations involved in exporting intensifies the competition level. Therefore, to manage the competition effectively, organizations need the necessary competencies. The objective of the study is to determine the relationship between competencies and export performance. The competencies tested are in the area of personal traits, management, production and marketing. ...

Liberalization of the cocoa market in West Africa, due to structural adjustment reforms, has resulted in the elimination of para-statal marketing boards and initiated the creation of new institutions to replace the marketing services of those agencies. Concerns have been raised as to the effects of these reforms on prices of cocoa received by farmers, welfare measures and competitiveness of mar...

In the article, international marketing environment and its study, reasons for organization of services, political legal environment, main purpose entering foreign market, making a decision to enter consumer export goods, cooperative entrepreneurship, relations, political- goal development conclusions on sustainable socio-economic relations between countries are given.