Telecommunication networks now days require high speed and transmission capacity. Such a trend is present in Kosovo too. The overall backbone transmission technology in Kosovo is based on fiber optic. To reach this requirement it is necessary to develop and use optical networks which are based on advanced optical technologies, such as WDM/DWDM transmitting technology and different amplifiers. H...

Achievable information rates (AIRs) of wideband optical communication systems using a ∼40  nm (∼5  THz) erbium-doped fiber amplifier and ∼100  nm (∼12.5  THz) distributed Raman amplification are estimated based on a first-order perturbation analysis. The AIRs of each individual channel have been evaluated for DP-64QAM, DP-256QAM, and DP-1024QAM modulation formats. The impact of full-field nonli...

The authors present a simple configuration for dual-oscillating lasers gain control erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in which dual-oscillating lasers are formed by two pairs of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Experimental results show that dual-oscillating lasers dramatically reduce steady and transient gain variations caused by spectral hole burning and relaxation oscillations, and the dual-os...

The optical phase conjugation (OPC) has been proposed to compensate for the chromatic dispersion to improve the bit rate of the optical transmission 1 Recently, the OPC is demonstrated to improve the bit rate of the transmission of the 1.55 m signal in the standard fiber with the loss compensated by the erbium—doped fiber amplifiers.23 This technique in fact can also be applied to improve the p...

An analytically expression for the temperature dependence of the signal gain of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) pumped at 1480 nm are theoretically obtained by solving the propagation equations with the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). It is seen that the temperature dependence of the gain strongly depends on the distribution of population of Er3+-ions in the second level. In additi...

Fibers’ splicing is one of the essential and critical procedures for fiber optics and photonics devices, modules and networks. The purpose of this paper is to present a recommended apparatus which allows reducing the frequency to clean the electrodes of the fusion – splicer equipment when Corning’s erbium doped fibers are spliced together or to other type of all-silica fibers. Also, this recomm...

A nonlinear amplifying loop mirror constructed from erbium-doped fiber is proposed for simultaneous amplification and compression of ultrashort fundamental solitons. Numerical simulations show that, unlike conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in which nonlinear effects lead to serious degradation of pulse quality, the proposed device performs efficient high-quality amplification and compr...

We reported a type-I difference-frequency generator (DFG), based on erbium doped GaSe (Er:GaSe) crystals as a coherent infrared source tunable from 2.4 mum to 28 mum. The two mixing beams used for the DFG are a tunable near infrared output (1.1-1.8 mum) from an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and the fundamental beam of a picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 1.064 mum. The system can produce a maximum...

A simple linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser based on a Fabry-Perot filter which consists of a pair of fiber Bragg gratings is proposed for tunable and switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength operation. The single-longitudinal-mode is obtained by the saturable absorption of an unpumed erbium-doped fiber together with a narrow-band fiber Bragg grating. Under the high pump power (>...

An analytical approach is presented to investigate the of chip shape-dependent bit error rate (BER) performance of direct sequence optical code division multiple access with cascaded erbium doped fiber amplifiers in presence of fiber optic group velocity dispersion and self phase modulation. In our analysis, super-Gaussian and Hyperbolic-Secant shaped optical orthogonal codes are employed as ad...