Amides are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry and play essential roles both pharmaceutical industry life sciences. However, due to natural reactivity carboxylic acids amines, their direct coupling is challenging often leads reactions that not atom-economic produce large amounts non-recoverable by-products. Despite impressive number reagents available, sustainable m...

Since the discovery of uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase by Leloir (I), there has been increased recognition of the importance of epimerization of hgdroryl groups of monosaccharides and related metabolitrs. In addition to the interconversion of uridine diphosphate glucose and uridine diphosphate galactose by yeast (2, 3), mammalian (4, 5), and bacterial preparations (6), examples have b...

Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans are distinguished by differences in their proportion of d-glucuronosyl and l-iduronosyl residues, the latter being formed by chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase during or after glycosaminoglycan chain polymerization. To investigate the influence of the core protein on the extent of epimerization, we expressed chimeric proteins in 293 HEK ce...

Tinelli, Regina (Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.), A. M. Michelson, and Jack L. Strominger. Epimerization of thymidine diphosphate glucose in bacterial extracts. J. Bacteriol. 86:246-251. 1963.-Extracts of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis type IV and several other bacteria catalyzed the reversible interconversion of thymidine diphosphate (TDP)-d-glucose and TDP-d-galactos...

. Studies from several laboratories have shown that labeled glucose is converted to B-deoxy hexoses without randomization of the label when microorganisms are grown on n-glucose-l-C14 or n-glucose-MY4 as the sole source of carbohydrate (l-3). Evidence of this type has been interpreted to indicate a conversion of the intact hexose moiety to the deoxy compound without scission of the hexose carbo...

Mannuronan C-5 epimerases are a family of enzymes that catalyze epimerization of alginates at the polymer level. This group of enzymes thus enables the tailor-making of various alginate residue sequences to attain various functional properties, e.g. viscosity, gelation and ion binding. Here, the interactions between epimerases AlgE4 and AlgE6 and alginate substrates as well as epimerization pro...