This paper examines the role of the burden of proof (BoP) in National Treatment (NT) disputes under trade agreements. In the situation under study, imports may cause environmental damage, in which case less favorable treatment of imported products may be globally desirable from an international efficiency point of view. But adjudicators do not with full certainty know the motives for policies t...

track assessment of the global impacts of climate change, a major input to the much-heralded Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, indicates that through the year 2100, the contribution of climate change to human health and environmental threats will generally be overshadowed by factors not related to climate change. Hence, climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important ...

Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) are facing a range of threats that might impact their future population status (see section Threats below). The IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) regards loss of sea-ice habitat due to climate warming as the most serious threat to future Polar Bear survival. We therefore based our Red List assessment on this threat factor only, recognizing that sea-ice condit...

The literature on environmental activism has failed to produce a model of individual decisionmaking explicitly linked to the logic of collective action. To remedy this problem, this paper adapts the collective interest model developed by Finkel, Muller, and Opp (1989) to explain protest behavior, and argues environmental activism is a function of citizen beliefs about collective benefits, the a...

introduction continuing environmental crisis, human was aware of the necessity for revising its method of dealing with the environment during the development. therefore, changing the development paradigm from classical to modern, sustainable development and environmental issues become major pillars of development and achieve sustainable development depends on the complete recognition of environ...

Environmental sustainability ranks high on the list of priorities for the Caribbean region. Given the exponential growth and increased visibility of the nuclear power industry, how are Caribbean policy makers situated in the current framework of nuclear transport and environmental protection? This paper surveys nuclear related activities that point to increased nuclear traffic through the Carib...