Biographical notes: Giovanni Bella’s actual research is inserted in the literature of environmental economics, with particular attention to the different typologies of economic equilibrium that emerge when introducing an environmental variable. His recent interest regards the application of search theory to the problem of pollution control, while particular attention is reserved to the problem ...

This paper chronicles the story of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The EKC proposes that indicators of environmental degradation first rise, and then fall with increasing income per capita. However, recent evidence shows that developing countries are addressing environmental issues, sometimes adopting developed country standards with a short time lag and sometimes performing better than ...

This study aims to measure how much the industrial sector suppresses the development process to be sustainable in Iran. We employ a quadratic-log form of regression model to test the Industrial Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis. In addition, we use a Vector Auto-Regressive model to estimate the nexus among the industrial growth, income inequality, environmental pollution, and energy consumption ...

An inverted-U relationship between GDP per capita and three urban transport-related emissions is tested (using data from 84 cities). Per capita urban transport-related emissions of CO, VHC, and NOx increase and then decline at observed income levels—a result driven by a similar inverted-U relationship between income and emissions technology (i.e., emissions per passengerkm). However, for urban ...

As a result of India's extremely rapid economic growth, the scale and seriousness of environmental problems are no longer in doubt. Whether pollution abatement technologies are utilized more efficiently is crucial in the analysis of environmental management because it influences the cost of alternative production and pollution abatement technologies. In this study, I use state–level industry da...

Economic research on income’s impact on environmental quality is well summarized by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), a relationship between environmental quality and per capita income (PCI). In this paper, a flexible nonparametric approach is adopted to study this relationship in which polynomial splines are employed to approximate the EKC function. New spline confidence bands via wild bo...

Long before the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), which shows pollution at first increasing and then decreasing as income increases (see Figure 1), became enshrined in standard economic principles texts (e.g., Frank and Bernanke 2005), a very different view was set out by Ehrlich and Holden (1971). Much of the science and policy community still subscribes to their famous IPAT equation (I = PAT...