A new chromatographic procedure was developed which obtained highly purified preparations of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1 in yields of 60% from cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and which is faster than any of the separation methods used previously. The procedure involves chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose, removal of alpha-toxin by adsorption to rabbit erythrocyte membranes, and ...

All of 41 naturally occurring coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in various laboratories were resistant to several antibiotics and were lipase-negative. Most strains produced hemolysins, and 38 strains produced enterotoxin B. Acriflavine treatment of four strains resulted in elimination of resistance to methicillin and mercury; in one strain, resi...

We collected and analyzed 500 samples of human milk, from five Brazilian cities (100 from each) to detect methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) producing enterotoxins. We found 57 strains of MRSA, and the mecA gene, responsible for resistance, was detected in all of them using a specific molecular probe. We examined 40 strains for the presence of four enterotoxins, after...

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is an important virulence factor involved in C. perfringens food poisoning and other gastrointestinal illnesses. In our experiment a Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene (cpe) positive type C strain was obtained by multiplex PCR from 34 C. perfringens isolates from goat in Guizhou Province, China. Th en a pair of specifi c primers was designed and s...

Of 124 staphylococcal strains isolated from sheep milk, 78 produced enterotoxin A, B, C, or D when evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Enterotoxins A and D, elaborated by 44 and 43 strains, respectively, showed the highest incidence. Enterotoxin production by coagulase-negative strains (one Staphylococcus cohnii, three S. epidermidis, five S. haemolyticus, and four S. xylosus) wa...

A sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established and validated for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). After routine fusion and selection, 10 monoclonal antibodies showed high affinity for SEA. An optimal pair for sandwich ELISA was selected by pairwise interaction analysis. After optimization, the limit of de...

The astA gene responsible for production of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heatstable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) was identified in E. coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhea. Two hundred and twenty-six isolates were tested using PCR for the astA marker as well as for heat-labile I (LTI), heat-stable I (STI), and heat-stable II (STII) enterotoxin genes characteristic for enterot...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. In the characterization of this opportunistic pathogen, DNA microarray hybridization technique is used as an alternative to sequence based genotyping to obtain a comprehensive assessment on the virulence, resistance determinants, and population structure. The objective of this st...

Bacillus thuringiensis is the leading biopesticide used to control insect pests worldwide. Although they have a long record of safe use, under certain conditions commercial strains of B. thuringiensis have the ability to produce numerous putative enterotoxins that have been associated with food poisoning attributed to Bacillus cereus. Therefore, we designed a strategy to delete the genes encodi...

We report a de novo -assembled draft genome sequence of the Indian Staphylococcus aureus type 88 (ST88) strain LVP-7, isolated from an ocular infection. The harbors Panton-Valentine leukocidin phage, V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element, delta-hemolysin-converting Newman phage ΦNM3, and pathogenicity island SaPI3, encoding superantigen enterotoxin B.