incidence with cases often arising from cousin marriages of unaffected members, who can be given no assurance that they will not transmit the disorder. On an average one of every four children will be affected. Peroneal muscular atrophy, the cerebromacular degenerations, torsion spasm, albinism, hepatolenticular degeneration, and some myopathies may show this mode of heredity. Leber's optic atr...

The exocrine pancreas and certain salivary glands of mammals secrete a variety of enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract, where they digest food. The same glands also release these enzymes into the bloodstream. This latter process has commonly been assumed to occur solely as the result of a pathological condition or as an inadvertent by-product of exocrine secretion due to the leakage of trace...

Six abomasums of yaks (Bos grunniens) were studied with gross dissection and histological methods. It was found that the mucosa of the yak abomasum was covered with simple columnar epithelium. There were lots of spiral folds (≥10) in the fundic glandular area. The developed membrane of lamina propria was occupied by high density glands. According to the morphological characteristics of the glan...

Exocrine secretions in the digestive tract of domestic livestock are controlled by a combination of neural and endocrine inputs. The parasympathetic domain of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for efferent signals that regulate most exocrine secretory processes. Exocrine tissues possess cholinergic muscarinic receptor subtypes that are different from those found in brain, heart and mu...

The pituitary gland has come to be regarded as the master key of the endocrine system in so far as it influences the activity of the remaining glands, but a reciprocal influence in the opposite direction is equally important. Hypophysectomy results in diminished function and some degree of. atrophy in the gonads, adrenals, thyroid, pancreas, and less certainly of the parathyroids; and conversel...

Polyamines, polycationic compounds found in urine and sera of mammals, are elevated in patients with malignancies. Like carcinoembryonic antigen, these organic structures have been investigated as potential diagnostic tools in screening at-risk individuals for cancer and for predicting prognosis. In many instances, the ubiquity of these compounds and the lack of specificity for each malignancy ...

Various prostaglandins (PGs) have been found in several areas of the brain. PGs of the E series have been found in the pituitary and pineal glands and the median eminence, and they have been shown to influence hypothalamic endocrine-release characteristics and release of melatonin from the pineal gland. It has been suggested that they may act, along with membrane phospholipids, as a link betwee...

While there is no doubt that total thyroidectomy is necessary for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) patients, there is still controversy regarding the management of the parathyroid glands. Although most, but not all, endocrine surgeons leave normal-appearing parathyroid glands in situ during thyroid surgery for MEN2A, we have employed total parath...

The hexadecapeptide cerebellin (CER) is derived from a larger protein, cerebellin 1 precursor protein (Cbln1). At present four precerebellins (Cbln1-4) are known. They are highly expressed in the brain, in particular in the cerebellum. Since CER is involved in regulating endocrine functions, present studies aimed to investigate, by means of molecular biology techniques (RT-PCR, QPCR, Western bl...

Abstract Background Snake bite is a major public health problem, especially in the tropical areas of world, which World Health Organization aims to eradicate. According National Crime Records Bureau India, where agriculture mainstay employment attributes about 8660 mortalities year. Histopathological results are immense help establishing cause death those snake cases other circumstantial shreds...