A widespread outbreak of tularemia in Sweden in 2000 was investigated in a case-control study in which 270 reported cases of tularemia were compared with 438 controls. The outbreak affected parts of Sweden where tularemia had hitherto been rare, and these "emergent" areas were compared with the disease-endemic areas. Multivariate regression analysis showed mosquito bites to be the main risk fac...

Leishmania infantum chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL); it is transmitted by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis that injects saliva and parasites into the host's skin during a blood meal. Chickens represent an important blood source for sand flies and their presence in the endemic area is often cited as a risk factor for VL transmission. However, the role of chickens in VL epidemiology ...

Background: Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute tick-borne viral, zoonotic disease with hemorrhagic manifestations and considerable mortality in humans. The purpose of this study was to introduce CCHF as a case report from Babol, north of Iran. It is known as an endemic pathogen in some regions of Iran.Case presentation: We present a case of CCHF suffering from sudden onset of fe...

We report the data on the hometowns of malaria patients admitted to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, between 1997 and 2001. A total of 162 patients was identified. Of these, 62 lived in Bangkok; all presented with a history of travelling to endemic areas in rural Thailand. Among the other 100 patients who did not live in Bangkok, 15, 6, 10, 12, 21 and 19 were from the northern, so...

We report three cases of yellow fever (YF) in a family traveling from the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil (without previous vaccination) to an endemic area, acquiring the disease and presenting mild-to-moderate symptoms. Despite posing the intermittent risk of YF in endemic areas, it also alerts to the threat of introduction and spread of YF in the urban cycle, when infected travelers return to non-e...

According to the published data, endemic goiter was until recently, still present in some regions in Croatia. In this study the thyroid volume in grown-up, student population was measured. It was also analyzed which of the several traditional physiological attributes (body weight, body height, and body surface area (BSA)) were best correlated with the thyroid volume. Fifty one randomly selected...

Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran, is endemic for visceral leishmaniasis of Mediterranean type from many years ago. This situation might cause to underestimate other important diseases, which occur sporadically within the same area. In this case, a 6-year-old male patient in this area was treated as infected with visceral leishmaniasis initially with seropositive result for visceral leishmani...

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a neglected restrictive cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology and unclear natural history, which causes premature deaths in endemic areas. We present the case of a 13-year-old boy from a highly endemic area, presenting with concurrent signs of chronic EMF and severe hypereosinophilia associated with active schistosomal cystitis. We discuss the possible role of thi...