Balancing groundwater depletion, socioeconomic development and food security in Saudi Arabia will require policy that promotes expansion of unconventional freshwater supply options, such as wastewater recycling and desalination. As these processes consume more electricity than conventional freshwater supply technologies, Saudi Arabia's electricity system is vulnerable to groundwater conservatio...

Prior to the deregulation trend, electricity prices were highly regulated and were usually fairly predictable generators and wholesalers knew their production costs and revenues, and consumers knew their electricity costs. However, deregulation has caused electricity to become the most volatile of the commodities. Not only is the demand for electricity highly variable, but the inability to stor...

How much electricity does the world really need? Economic theory suggests that electricity demand depends on a number of factors such as per capita income, economic output, supply and cost of electricity. However, formal electricity demand models based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population growth and efficiency improvement assumptions may not capture the appropriate variables for response...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of delayed transit time is the main source of error in the quantitative measurement of CBF in arterial spin-labeling. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of the transit time-corrected CBF and arterial transit time delay from multiple postlabeling delays arterial spin-labeling compared with basal/acetazolamide stress technetium Tc99m-hexamethylprop...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Measurements of gastrointestinal transit are made in clinical and research gastroenterology, yet their intrinsic variability is not well characterised. In particular, an influence of hormones on transit has been proposed as the basis for gastrointestinal symptoms that vary with the menstrual cycle. Our aims were to quantify individual differences in transit during the menstr...

The gastrointestinal (GI) transit and absorption of orally administered theophylline, a highly absorbable drug without presystemic elimination, were investigated under fasted and fed conditions using three rats in a crossover study. To evaluate the GI transit rate for each segment in vivo, a noninvasive technique, gamma scintigraphy, was employed using a nonabsorbable compound, (99m)Tc-labeled ...

Accurate electricity price forecasting plays an important role in the profits of electricity market participants and the healthy development of electricity market. However, the electricity price time series hold the characteristics of volatility and randomness, which make it quite hard to forecast electricity price accurately. In this paper, a novel hybrid model for electricity price forecastin...

7500 tons of municipal solid waste produced in tehran city is land-filled in kahrizak disposalsite. the leachate of the waste has created a lake with 180000m3 in volume. a plant is under construction totreat the leachate. a significant amount of biogas can be produced in anaerobic digestion phase in the treatment plant reactor. the designing process of a power plant in accordance with the produ...

energy price forecast is the key information for generating companies to prepare their bids in the electricity markets. however, this forecasting problem is complex due to nonlinear, non-stationary, and time variant behavior of electricity price time series. accordingly, in this paper a new strategy is proposed for electricity price forecast. the forecast strategy includes wavelet transform (wt...

Electricity is an essential energy that can benefit our daily lives. There are many sources available for electricity generation, such as coal, natural gas and nuclear. Among these sources, coal has been widely used in thermal power plants that account for about 41% of the worldwide electricity supply. However, these thermal power plants are also found to be a big pollution source to our enviro...