Many gait training programs are based on supervised learning principles: an individual is guided towards a desired gait pattern with directional error feedback. While this results in rapid adaptation, improvements quickly disappear. This study tested the hypothesis that a reinforcement learning approach improves retention and transfer of a new gait pattern. The results of a pilot study and larg...

Interference lithography for the fabrication of photonic crystals is considered. A two-stage design method for realization of photonic bandgap structures with desired symmetries is developed. An optimal photonic crystal with a large bandgap is searched by adjusting some parameters while keeping some basic symmetry of the unit cell unchanged. A nonlinear programming method is then used to find t...

In this paper, we investigate coordination of a network of second-order dynamic agents under communication delays. Based on the frequency-domain analysis and matrix theory, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the system converging to stationary consensus and dynamic consensus are obtained, respectively. The conditions depend on the communication delay, the eigenvalues of the Laplacian m...

For some scenarios of vehicle tracking and identification, it is desired that radio-frequency identification (RFID) interrogators can be deployed on roadside lampposts or high poles. In order to meet this requirement, active RFID electronic license plate (e-plate) with a slot-dipole antenna is proposed to provide up-tilted beams. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed e-plate anten...

This paper studies a problem of inverse visual path planning: creating a visual scene from a first person action. Our conjecture is that the spatial arrangement of a first person visual scene is deployed to afford an action, and therefore, the action can be inversely used to synthesize a new scene such that the action is feasible. As a proof-of-concept, we focus on linking visual experiences in...

There is substantial literature that shows the benefits of collaborative work, though these benefits vary enormously with circumstances. Irrespective of their structure and composition, groups usually exist for a particular reason and implicitly or explicitly target one or more outcomes. The achievements of group outcomes depend on many factors, including the individual behaviour of each group ...