The e-learning course is one of the most efficient and promising didactic policies. It must be grounded on the revision because it was proved that it enhances the longterm memory. However, human mind is not a uniform phenomenon. Each man memorizes and learns in a different manner. The purpose of the intelligent e-learning system presented in this paper is to teach orthography and this system is...

Historical documents frequently exhibit extensive orthographic variation, including archaic spellings and obsolete shorthand. OCR tools typically seek to produce so-called diplomatic transcriptions that preserve these variants, but many end tasks require transcriptions with normalized orthography. In this paper, we present a novel joint transcription model that learns, unsupervised, a probabili...

The orthographical complexities of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) and Arabic pose a special challenge to developers of NLP applications. These difficulties are exacerbated by the lack of a standardized orthography in these languages, especially the highly irregular Japanese orthography and the ambiguities of the Arabic script. This paper focuses on CJK and Arabic orthographic variation and pro...

This paper reviews our recent brain imaging studies that indicate that the left middle frontal gyrus plays a crucial role in explicit Chinese character recognition and reading. The left middle frontal gyrus seems to serve as a neural system for coordinating and integrating visuo-orthographic information with phonological and semantic elements in written Chinese, as seen in several paradigms inc...

I offer evidence for a syllable-counting but non-isosyllabic meter, with lines in groups of 2-3, forming semantic units. Within these groups, the average difference in syllable count between lines is significantly lower than it is between non-grouped lines. The similarity within groups of lines suggests that, despite apparent differences based on the orthography, lines within groups may have ma...

Algerian Arabic is an Arabic dialect spoken in Algeria characterized by the absence of writing resources and standardization, hence it is considered as an under-resourced language. It differs from Modern Standard Arabic on all levels of linguistic representation, from phonology and morphology to lexicon and syntax. In this paper, we present a conventional orthography for Algerian Arabic, follow...

Most tools and resources developed for natural language processing of Arabic are designed for Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and perform terribly on Arabic dialects, such as Egyptian Arabic. Egyptian Arabic differs from MSA phonologically, morphologically and lexically and has no standardized orthography. We present a linguistically accurate, large-scale morphological analyzer for Egyptian Arabic...

In this article, we have introduced the first parallel corpus of Persian with more than 10 other European languages. This article describes primary steps toward preparing a Basic Language Resources Kit (BLARK) for Persian. Up to now, we have proposed morphosyntactic specification of Persian based on EAGLE/MULTEXT guidelines and specific resources of MULTEXT-East. The article introduces Persian ...

Other things being equal, a letter is identified more accurately and rapidly in the context of a word than in the context of a nonword. This word-superiori ty effect has been demonstrated many times wi th materials conforming to English orthography. The present experiment, using the probe letter-recogni tion procedure, demonstrates the same effect for the Serbo-Croatian orthography. In that the...