Logical form in logic and logical form (LF) in the Minimalist architecture of language are two different forms of representational models of semantic facts. They are distinct in their form and in how they represent some natural language phenomena. This paper aims to argue that the differences between logical form and LF have profound implications for the question about the nature of semantic in...

functional neuroanatomy underlying them is poorly understood. The present study contrasted these two kinds of reasoning via positron emission tomography. Relying on changes in instruction and psychological ‘set’, deductive versus probabilistic reasoning was induced using identical stimuli. The stimuli were arguments in propositional calculus not readily solved via mental diagrams. Probabilistic...

This paper introduces 'assumptions', one-sided mutual beliefs, to construct a bidirectional architecture incorporating Hobbs et al.'s abduction. The integration of deductive parsing and abductive semantic interpretation may provide a basis for a bidirectional architecture. However, the idea of cost, the principal mechanism in Hobbs et al.'s abduction, is not workable for generation because it s...

In this paper I argue for a place for logic in scientific methodology, at the same level as that of computational and historical approaches. While it is well known that a a whole generation of philosophers dismissed Logical Positivism (not just for the logic though), there are at least two reasons to reconsider logical approaches in the philosophy of science. On the one hand, the present situat...

In the last years there has been an increasing demand of a variety of logical systems, prompted mostly by applications of logic in AI, logic programming and other related areas. Labeled Deductive Systems (LDS) were developed as a flexible methodology to formalize such a kind of complex logical systems. In the last decade, defeasible argumentation has proven to be a confluence point for many app...

Interpretation of Symbolic Execution with Explicit State Updates Richard Bubel, Reiner Hähnle, and Benjamin Weiß 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University {bubel,reiner}@chalmers.se 2 Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Karlsruhe [email protected] Abstract. Systems for deductive software verification model t...

We present a query language, called the Datalog, for deductive object-oriented databases. While a direct semantics for inheritance with overriding and encapsulation is desirable, an alternative method for capturing these two features in Datalog based on the idea of program transformation and compilation is proposed. A reduction technique for Datalog programs to Datalog is discussed. The eleganc...

Psychologists are beginning to uncover the rational basis for many of biases revealed over last 50 years in deductive and causal reasoning, judgment, decision making. In this article, it is argued that a manipulation, experiential learning, shown be effective judgment making, may elucidate underpinning implicit negation effect conditional inference. three experiments, was created removed by usi...

Knowledge engineering is a discipline concerned with constructing and maintaining knowledge bases to store knowledge of various domains and using the knowledge by automated reasoning techniques to solve problems in domains that ordinarily require human logical reasoning. Therefore, the two key issues in knowledge engineering are how to construct and maintain knowledge bases, and how to reason o...

In the last years there has been an increasing demand of a variety of logical systems, prompted mostly by applications of logic in AI, logic programming and other related areas. Labeled Deductive Systems (LDS) were developed as a °exible methodology to formalize such a kind of complex logical systems. During the last decade defeasible argumentation has proven to be a con°uence point for many ap...