JONES, B. H. Responses of single neurons in cat visual cortex to a simple and a more complex stimulus. Am. J. Physiol. 218(4): 1102-l 107. 1970.-The response of a single neuron to an oscillating light-dark edge in the visual field (simple stimulus) was compared to the response when a second edge was added at a variety of distances from the first (complex stimulus). It was found that the second ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing of oxygen consumption in fast-growing broiler chickens is associated with the more pronounced occurrence of right ventricular hypertrophy and ascites. While, rearing of susceptible chickens in dark condition could reduce the metabolic rate of birds and hence the incidence of ascites. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to investigate a comparative study on the inf...

Chronic disabilities in multiple sclerosis are believed to be due to neuron damage and degeneration, which follow remyelination failure. Due to the presence of numerous oligodendrocyte precursors inside demyelination plaques, one reason for demyelination failure could be the inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to turn into myelinating oligodendrocytes. In this study, we show that thyro...

Neudesin (also known as neuron derived neurotrophic factor, Nenf) is a scarcely studied putative non-canonical neurotrophic factor. In order to understand its function in the brain, we performed an extensive behavioral characterization (motor, emotional, and cognitive dimensions) of neudesin-null mice. The absence of neudesin leads to an anxious-like behavior as assessed in the elevated plus ma...

Zinc is a substance that regulates neural excitability by binding whit sodium channel and potassium channel. The efficiency of free zinc ion, make down the neural survival rate, reduced the peak amplitude of Na+ and make depolarization Na channel, increased the peak amplitude of transition outward k+ currents and delayed rectifier. Also it is an effective blocker of one subtype of tetrodoxine (...

The Hebbian hypothesis of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has gained much support from experimental studies of long-term potentiation and depression. Such studies have also uncovered complex patterns of competition among the synapses. Such eeects may be due to the neuron redistributing its limited synaptic resources as synaptic strengths change. In computational models this strategy is c...

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stage embryos. These unique cell lines have the potential to form virtually any cell type in the body and can be propagated in vitro indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. These cells are capable of forming embryoid bodies (EB) that contain cells from all three embryonic lin...