protection of biological systems against radiation damage is of paramount importance during accidental and unavoidable exposure to radiation. several physico-chemical and biological factors collectively contribute to the damage caused by radiation and are, therefore, targets for developing radioprotectors. chemicals capable of scavenging free radicals, relieving oxidative stress, promoting anti...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX enzyme activity which affects the inflammatory response. Inflammation is associated with increasing cancer incidence. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that NSAID treatment could cause an anti-tumor effect in cancers. In the present study, blood was taken from healthy individuals (n = 17) and patients with respiratory disease...

Tamarindus indica has been used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic, a digestive aid, and a carminative, among other uses. Currently, there is no information in the toxicology literature concerning the safety of T. indica extract. We evaluated the clastogenic and/or genotoxic potential of fruit pulp extract of this plant in vivo in peripheral blood and liver cells of Wistar rats, using the come...

Asbestos and other mineral fibers have long been known to induce lung cancer and mesothelioma. However, the primary mechanisms of fiber-induced carcinogenesis still remain unclear. We investigated the occurrence of mitotic disturbances induced by asbestos (amosite, crocidolite, chrysotile) in an in vitro approach using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblast cells. The following endpoints were i...

Aim: The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding cytogenetic damage in oral exfoliated cells adult patients submitted panoramic X-ray. Materials and Methods: An extensive search conducted on PubMed, Scopus Web Science databases for all studies published until April 2021 using combinations following keywords: “panoramic X-ray,” “DNA damage,” “genetic damage”, “geno...

In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mediates membrane ruffling and growth cone extension. We have previously shown that IGF-I activates the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 2. In the current study, we examined which signaling pathway underlies IGF-I-mediated FAK phosphorylation an...

Any deviation in ambient temperature causes stress and disturbs the cellular homeostasis in the organisms. In the present study, genotoxicity induced by exposure of high temperature (40o, 45o and 50oC) has been analyzed in the third instar larvae of common housefly, Musca domestica, by using chromosome aberration assay, micronucleus assay and mitotic index as cytological end points. The adverse...

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay can be used to quantify micronucleus (MN) formation, the outcome measured being MN frequency. MN frequency has been shown to be both an accurate measure of chromosomal instability/DNA damage and a risk factor for cancer. Similarly, the Agilent 4×44k human oligonucleotide microarray can be used to quantify gene expression changes. Despite the exist...

The mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay holds a key position in all schemes for detecting potential human carcinogens and mutagens. It was therefore of concern when Shelby et al. reported that only 5 of 25 rodent carcinogens defined by the U.S. NTP were positive in the assay. Further, each of these positive responses was weak and indistinguishable from the 4 positive responses observed am...