the body-part term dast ‘hand’ is investigated in this article as used in the first part of 160 farsi compound nouns. the questions are: how is the semantic change pattern of hand used in persian compound nouns? also how the collective mind and social/ cultural memory of persian linguistic society can be accounted for and compared with chinese and english? the aim is investigation of semantic c...

Open online brand communities represent a significant potential for innovative ideas. Companies are seeking ways to utilize this source of information and knowledge and to promote knowledge exchange between the company and active members of open online brand communities. In open online brand communities, members voluntarily contribute and control their knowledge. For this research, we collected...

The notion of open innovation suggests that firms can boost their innovative performance by both acquiring knowledge from outside the company and deploying external paths to market for commercialization of non-core technologies. As innovations emerge increasingly from interorganisational cooperation, the background for such cooperation can also have an impact on the involvement of companies int...

European firms are confronted to the paradox of a strong R&D in many areas but a low level of innovation. Building on the dynamic capability approach, I propose an institutional approach where innovation is linked to cultural, organizational, and regulatory factors. These include managers’ attitude toward risk and uncertainty, the ability to develop capabilities and access complementary assets,...

One of the most puzzling features of the prehistoric record of hominid stone tools is its apparent punctuation: it consists of abrupt bursts of dramatic change that separate long periods of largely unchanging technology. Within each such period, small punctuated cultural modifications take place. Punctuation on multiple timescales and magnitudes is also found in cultural trajectories from histo...