The goal of this paper is to propose and study properties of multiwinner voting rules (with a particular focus on rules based in some way on single-winner scoring rules). We consider, e.g., SNTV, Bloc, k-Borda, STV, and several variants of Chamberlin–Courant’s and Monroe’s rules, identify two natural approaches to defining multiwinner rules, and show that many of our rules can be captured by on...

European Union (EU) countries have experienced significant deregulation affecting the banking industry, a process culminated in 1993 with the implementation of the Second Banking Coordination Directive. Prior to 1993, cross-border expansions were heavily constrained. Under the current regime, in contrast, banks from EU countries are allowed to branch freely into other EU countries. By removing ...

On January 1, 2005, quotas on textile and clothing trade were lifted. With this, US and EU pricecompetitive clothing imports from China soared. Recent talk of quota safeguards notwithstanding, this has development implications for other, relatively uncompetitive, countries—especially those heavily reliant on textile and clothing exports. This study examines the effect that China will have on th...

it is usual to rank the participating countries in olympic games in accordance with the number of medals they have won. but it should be mentioned that achieving competition output (medals acquired) is possible only through utilization of input and appropriate processes. so, lower input should be considered along with higher outputs to evaluate more precisely and regularly. in this study, one o...

More than one hundred and thirty countries or jurisdictions now have laws that seek to safeguard and foster market competition. At a minimum, such competition laws prohibit agreements among supposed competitors to fix prices, divide markets, or in other ways avoid or undermine market competition. Often, these laws go much further. Many additionally seek to constrain the exercise of market power...

We examine the interaction between trade in goods and market power in domestic trade and distribution sectors. Theory suggests a linkage between service-sector competition and goods trade, one supported by econometrics involving import patterns of 21 OECD countries. This points to significant linkages between effective market-access conditions for goods and the structure of the service sector. ...

Both the public and the private sectors contribute to research and development (R&D) in pharmaceuticals. The public sector originates many of the discoveries of new drugs. The private sector, which focuses on development, is heavily reliant on patents. Though patents are presumed to reward genuine inventions, lax rules on patentability and shortcomings in procedures permit protection to be obta...

This paper adopts the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to model working capital efficiency (WCE) on a sample of 6170 European firms from 2009 2018. We find: (i) larger are more efficient with their management (WCM) than smaller firms, (ii) higher cash holding contributes WCE, (iii) high competition is less conducive WCE low competition, (iv) export and sales growth potential decrease (v) incr...

The literature suggests that competition among schools might increase quality. However, not much empirical evidence is present as only a few countries allow competition at a large scale. One exception is the Netherlands. Free parental choice is the leading principle of the Dutch education system since the beginning of the 20 century. Based on panel data for the Netherlands we show that there is...

Previous studies seem to agree that increased competition would cause riskier banking behavior. This dissertation shows that when competition intensiÞes, banks have greater incentives for screening loan applicants, and thus loan quality may improve. In addition, competition fosters banks to rely less on collateral requirements. Hence, banks may be less vulnerable to asset price shocks. The empi...