We argue that logical expressions in human language enable speakers to perform particular acts as well as stating propositions which may be true or false. We present a conversational action planning model of co-ordinated reasoning, which we use to predict choice of logical expressions in situations in which two people co-operate in the face of risk and uncertainty. We first show how this model ...

This study discusses the justifiability of item parameter estimation in incomplete testing designs in item response theory. Marginal maximum likelihood (MML) as well as conditional maximum likelihood (CML) procedures are considered in three commonly used incomplete designs: random incomplete, multistage testing and targeted testing designs. Mislevy and Sheenan (1989) have shown that in incomple...

The large sample behaviour is examined for upper and lower probabilities generated by precise priors on a nite set and imprecise likelihoods for equally in dependently distributed variables taking values in a nite set It can easily happen that the posterior up per probability of will tend to in situations where the relative frequencies are tending to a measure far removed from the set of condit...

One of the goals of the crowd control project at Delft University of Technology is to detect and track people during a crisis event, classify their behavior and assess what is happening. The assumption is that the crisis area is observed by multiple cameras (fixed or mobile). The cameras sense the environment and extract features such as the amount of motion. These features are the input to a B...

In many real-life situations, we only have partial information about probabilities. This information is usually described by bounds on moments, on probabilities of certain events, etc. – i.e., by characteristics c(p) which are linear in terms of the unknown probabilities pj . If we know interval bounds on some such characteristics ai ≤ ci(p) ≤ ai, and we are interested in a characteristic c(p),...

In everyday conversation "if" is one of the most frequently used conjunctions. This dissertation investigates what meaning an everyday conditional transmits and what inferences it licenses. It is suggested that the nature of the relation between the two propositions in a conditional might play a major role for both questions. Thus, in the experiments reported here conditional statements that de...