We investigate Horty’s action constants and their functioning in action obligations of the form “In the interest of group F of agents, group G of agents ought to perform action K” and in conditional action obligations of the form “If group H of agents performs action L, then in the interest of group F of agents, group G of agents ought to perform action K”. We show that a straightforward Horty-...

Most current conditional planners are based on explicit representation of alternative outcomes of conditional actions. The explicit representation of possible outcomes induces a split in the search space which rapidly exponentially grows. A general strategy of minimal splitting of multiple situationl, for conditional planners, is introduced in this paper, in order to reduce the amount of comput...

F orecasting the volatility of a financial asset has wide implications in finance. Conditional variance extracted from the GARCH framework could be a suitable proxy of financial asset volatility. Option pricing, portfolio optimization, and risk management are examples of implications of conditional variance forecasting. One of the most recent methods of volatility forecasting is Real...

this study analyses the condition of attorney dismissal which civil law has accepted  because its previous studies presented that the truth and requirement of attorney contract in terms of customary and literally agreement, is representation. removal of lawyers with guaranteed implication or even by claim of adjustment implication lies in the meaning of  representation and the two parts are not...

We suggest and test an integrated framework explaining how the interpretation of and the reasoning from causal conditionals (e.g., "If you fertilize a flower it will bloom") depend on exceptions. In the model availability of exceptional situations (e.g., "the flower was not watered enough") reduces the subjective conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent, P(q p). The condit...

We present an approach to the semantics of subjunctive conditionals based on the situation semantics notion of a constraint, in which the connection between antecedent A and consequent B of a conditional ‘if A were the case, B would be’ is an informational relation between types of situations. We also argue that the information contained in a hierarchy of planning schemas as commonly used in Ar...

The implication problem of probabilistic conditional independencies is investigated in the presence of missing data. Here, graph separation axioms fail to hold for saturated conditional independencies, unlike the known idealized case with no missing data. Several axiomatic, algorithmic, and logical characterizations of the implication problem for saturated conditional independencies are establi...

Conditional deduction in binary logic basically consists of deriving new statements from an existing set of statements and conditional rules. Modus Ponens, which is the classical example of a conditional deduction rule, expresses a conditional relationship between an antecedent and a consequent. A generalisation of Modus Ponens to probabilities in the form of probabilistic conditional inference...

We identify various situations in probabilistic intelligent systems in which conditionals (rules) as mathematical entities as well as their conditional logic operations are needed. In discussing Bayesian updating procedure and belief function construction, we provide a new method for modeling if ... then rules as Boolean elements, and yet, compatible with conditional probability quantifications.