The mechanism of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus was investigated in 96 patients and in a rat model. Polydipsia was reported by 40% and polyuria (more than 3 liter/day) by 12% of patients receiving lithium. Maximum concentrating ability after dehydration and vasopressin was markedly impaired in 10 polyuric patients and was reduced in 7 of 10 nonpolyuric patients studied before and during lit...

Studies were performed on anesthetized 16-18 week old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, and Goldblatt two-kidney one clip renal hypertensive rats, treated from age 4-5 weeks with an oral antihypertensive regimen consisting of hydralazine, reserpine, and chlorothiazide. Measurements of flow and intravascular pressure in the cerebral microvasculature were made via a...

Freshwater (FW) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) urinary bladders mounted in vitro under symmetrical saline conditions displayed electroneutral active absorption of Na(+) and Cl(-) from the mucosal side; the transepithelial potential (V(t)) was 0.1 mV, and the short-circuit current was less than 1 microA cm(-2). Removal of Na(+) from mucosal saline decreased Cl(-) absorption by 56% and remov...

Anesthetized dogs receiving an infusion of chlorothiazide and ethacrynic acid were given 600-ml infusions of distilled water or dilute dextrose solutions. The absolute rate of tubular sodium reabsorption was depressed, and the glomerular filtration rate was increased during the water loading, despite the associated decreases in plasma sodium concentration and decreases in the filtered load of s...

Large doses of KCI lowered serum uric acid while producing mild, apparently unrelated, uricosuria in four chlorothiazide-treated subjects. In two control subjects KCI also caused mild uricosuria, but had a negligible effect on serum uric acid concentration. Ammonium chloride decreased serum urate in all six subjects, while urinary uric acid excretion remained essentially unchanged. It is sugges...

The main objective of the work discussed in this paper was evaluation of a chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), lisinopril (L), and their impurities in pharmaceuticals. Chlorothiazide (CTZ) and disulfonamide (DSA), as potential impurities in hydrochlorothiazide, and diketopiperazine (DKP), as an impurity of lisinopril, were analyzed. The chromatog...

Several in vitro assays have been developed to evaluate the gastrointestinal absorption of compounds. Our aim was to compare 3 of these methods: 1) the bio-mimetic artificial membrane permeability assay (BAMPA) method, which offers a high-throughput, noncellular approach to the measurement of passive transport; 2) the traditional Caco-2 cell assay, the use of which as a high-throughput tool is ...

1 of 2 DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old boy with Down’s syndrome with no underlying cardiac anomalies presented with hypoglycaemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). He received treatment with oral diazoxide (Proglycem) (10 mg/kg/day), along with the diuretic chlorothiazide, which ensured glycaemic stability. However, a large pericardial effusion ( fi gure 1A ) requiring drainage was noted within...

Simple, selective and sensitive high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in the presence of its impurities (chlorothiazide (CT) and salamide (DSA)), in two quaternary mixtures with benazepril hydrochloride (BZ) or amiloride hydrochloride (AM). The separation was carried out on HPTL...