Research in functional brain mapping involves a series of procedures conducive to publishing of false findings. Statisticians and psychologists have warned that false findings are particularly common in research characterized by small sample size, undefined effect size, low prior probability of true findings, unsubstantiated assumptions, flexible data analyses, and confir-matory bias. I discuss...

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling of the lung architecture. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is considered the most common and severe form of the disease, with a median survival of approximately three years and no proven effective therapy. Despite the fact that effective treatments are absent and the pr...

O and experimental exposure to asbestos is associated with the development of peribronchiolar and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.1 L ike other asbestosassociated diseases of the respiratory tract (ie, mesothel ioma and bronchogenic carcinoma), asbestosis appears to involve alterations in differentiation and proliferation o f affected cel l types. W h e t h e r the disease process involves e i ...

Mitochondria are membrane bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Responsible for orchestrating cellular energy production, they are central to the maintenance of life and the gatekeepers of cell death. Thought to have originated from symbiotic ancestors, they carry a residual genome as mtDNA encoding 13 proteins essential for respiratory chain function. Mitochondria comprise a...

The epidemic of diabetic kidney disease is predicted to rise significantly in the next decade and will continue to represent the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. The interaction between metabolic and haemodynamic insults represents an important driver of the relentless decline in renal function that we observe in patients with diabetes. Studies have described different cellular pathoph...

then slowly repolarize, which is denoted as the T wave on the ECG, leading to cardiac relaxation and completion of one cardiac cycle. The rhythmic activity of the human heart is clearly apparent by ultrasound after only five weeks of gesta-Department of Cardiology Children's Hospital tion. It is remarkable to think how flawlessly the heart performs in the course of one's life, beating ‫07ف‬ tim...

Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ that is maintained by multiple pathways regulating cell and protein turnover. During muscle atrophy, proteolytic systems are activated, and contractile proteins and organelles are removed, resulting in the shrinkage of muscle fibers. Excessive loss of muscle mass is associated with poor prognosis in several diseases, including myopathies and muscular dystrophi...

Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2341386 Valparaíso, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia deValparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad deValparaíso, 2360102Valparaíso, Chile Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Instituto de Biomedi...

The past two decades have witnessed an explosive growth of knowledge regarding postischemic myocardial dysfunction or myocardial "stunning." The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Myocardial stunning should not be regarded as a single entity but rather as a "syndrome" that has been observed in a wide vari...