The rapidly growing literature on the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has not univocally identified the ‘real’causal relationship yet. We argue that bivariate models, which analyze the causality at the level of the total economy, are not appropriate – especially in cases where both variables do not cover the same scope of economic activity. After discussing appropria...

The aim of this study is to analyze the causality relationship among a set of macroeconomic variables, represented by the exchange rate, interest rate, inflation (CPI), industrial production index as a proxy for gross domestic product in relation to the index of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa). The period of analysis corresponded to the months from January 1995 to December 2010, making a...

Objectives: The objectives are to (a) explore the relationship between exercise causality orientations and stages of change and in doing so highlight any motivational changes that accompany movement through the stages, and (b) investigate the relative importance of exercise causality orientations and behavioural regulations in discriminating stage of change. Methods: One hundred and one female ...

verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Abstract This study applies panel data techniques to investigate the long-run relationship between energy consumption and GDP for a panel of 19 African countries (COMESA) based on annual data for the period 1980-2005. In the first step, we examine the degree...

This study is conducted to investigate the relationship among international trade, financial development and economic growth in Pakistan. The ADF and PP tests are used to check the order of integration of the variables and Johansen co-integration methodology is employed to investigate the long run relationship among these variables. The direction of causality between variable is tested by Grang...

This paper examines the interrelationship between music blog buzz and album sales, examining both time precedence and the contemporaneous relationship between the two. Using the Granger Causality methodology to examine time precedence, we find evidence of bi-directional causality for the full sample of music albums we are examining as well as for both independently released and major-label rele...

one of the current challenges and complications in the world is the climate change and global warming, which has numerous and varied effects and consequences in different regions. in this regard, the effects of economic activities on the increase in greenhouse gases and also the effects of greenhouse gases on economic activities have become increasingly controversial. in this study, an investig...

introduction: there are many factors affecting crime rates. economic factors are one of them. also, nature of crimes and the effects of economic factors on them are different. economic crimes have a specific importance in economics of crime. researchers in iran don’t investigate the determinants of crime, especially economic crimes. thus, in this paper we investigate the short- and long run eff...