Modulation of the immune system can be addressed through a variety of specific and non-specific approaches. Many agents of synthetic and natural origin have stimulatory, suppressive or regulatory activity. There is growing evidence that drugs or biological agents capable of modulating single pathways or targets are of limited value as immune-related therapies. Systems biology approaches are now...

OBJECTIVE In developed countries with westernized diets, the excessive consumption of added sugar in beverages and highly refined and processed foods is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. As a major constituent of added sugars, fructose has been shown to cause a variety of adverse metabolic effects, such as impaired insulin sensitivity, hypertrigl...

Several botanicals, including Crataegus oxycantha, Terminalia arjuna, Inula racemosa, and Astragalus membranaceus, have been found to have therapeutic benefit for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Crataegus oxycantha has been used traditionally as a cardiac tonic and current uses include treatment for angina, hypertension, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Animal studies have al...

A new method for the visualization of huge hierarchical data structures is presented. The method is based on the observation that we can easily see the branches, leaves, and their arrangement in a botanical tree, despite of the large number of elements. The strand model of Holton is used to convert an abstract tree into a geometric model. Nonleaf nodes are mapped to branches and child nodes to ...

The types of Ela as accounted in the Brhatrayi is analysed. It is clarified that only Ela proper and Suksmela are mentioned in the Brhatrayi and Brhat ela is the inclusion of Nighantu scholars. The correct botanical identity. Details of Ayurvedic synonyms and their interpretation are presented.

Ethnobotanical Studies were carried out in some parts of Ahdhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu to identify orchids reported to have medicinal properties and to study their botanical distribution. This has resulted in the recording of 9 orchids used by the local population.