Objective(s): Nowadays much effort is being invested in order to diagnose the mechanisms involved in neural differentiation. By clarifying this, making desired neural cells in vitro and applying them into diverse neurological disorders suffered from neural cell malfunctions could be a feasible choice. Thus, the present study assessed the capability of fetal brain extract (FBE) to induce rat bon...

The Two-Way Task: Run1: TAC-M, TS-M, and Tri-BM Run2: TAC-M, TS-M, and BoW-BM Run3: TAC-M, TS-M, NE-M, & Tri-BM, BoW-BM The Three-Way Task: Run1: TAC-M, TS-M, and Tri-BM, BoWBM Run2: TAC-M, TS-M, NE-M (partial), and Tri-BM, BoW-BM Run3: TAC-M, TS-M, NE-M, and Tri-BM, BoW-BM From Two-Way to Three-Way: If BoW-BM=YES & Tri-BM=NO then CONTRADICTION If BoW-BM=YES & Tri-BM=YES then ENTAILMENT Others ...

Purpose: Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It determines tumor biology including tumor cellularity (i.e., amount of neoplastic cells and arrangement into clusters), which is related to the proliferative capacity and differentiation and the degree of desmoplasia among others. Given the close relation of tumor differentiation with differences in progres...

background: gastroesophageal reflux (ger), defined as passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, and ger disease (gerd), defined as symptoms or complications of ger, are common pediatric problems. the value of commonly used diagnostic tests for ger is examined to define the most sensitive and specific test that is the least invasive as well. materials and methods: we conducted this cross s...

chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) is a myeloproliferative disease. the cytogenetic hallmark of cml is philadelphia (ph) chromosome. this study aimed to diagnose suspected cml patients, to monitor cml patients under therapy using cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) techniques to analyze their bone marrow (bm) and peripheral blood (pb) samples, and finally to compare their obta...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease of lung parenchyma characterized by a chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration and varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis. Current data indicate that the severity of fibrosis and the degree of cellularity determine, in part, the prognosis of IPF and the response to therapy. Whereas lung biopsy gives the best assessement of fibrosi...

Objective(s): Cells perform their functional activities by communicating with each other through endogenous substances and receptors. Post-translation, stem cells function properly in new host tissue by carrying specific cell surface receptors. We aimed to characterize muscarinic receptor subtypes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) together with osteogenic and adipogenic...