A central question in plant cell development is how the cell wall determines directional cell expansion and therefore the final shape of the cell. As the major load-bearing component of the cell wall, cellulose microfibrils are laid down transversely to the axis of elongation, thus forming a spring-like structure that reinforces the cell laterally and while favoring longitudinal expansion in mo...

The columns of frame structures are the key load-bearing components and the exterior columns are susceptible to attack in terrorist blasts. When subjected to blast loads, the columns would suffer a loss of bearing capacity to a certain extent due to the damage imparted which may lead to their collapse and even cause the progressive collapse of the whole structure . The concrete-filled steel col...

Progressive collapse is defined as the spread of an initial damage from one member to another, leading to extensive partial or total collapse of the structure. In this research, the potential of progressive collapse due to a sudden removal of vertical load-bearing elements in reinforced concrete buildings structures with different floor plans such as geometrical regular and irregular floor plan...

in this study, the effect of wall orientation on the optimum insulation position in the wall from different perspectives is studied numerically. using crank- nicolson one dimensional transient heat conduction equation is solved for the wall with convection boundary conditions. outdoor temperature is considered as a periodic function of time. since natural night ventilation is used in the buildi...

We discuss the perturbative O(αsa) matching in the static heavy and domain-wall light quark system. The gluon action is the Iwasaki action and the link smearing is performed in the static heavy action. The chiral symmetry of the light quark realized by using the domain-wall fermion formulation does not prohibit the mixing of the operators at O(a). The application of O(a) improvement to the actu...

An innovative type called "butterfly-shaped links steel plate shear wall (BLSPSW)" was proposed as a lateral load resisting system. In this novel system, by creating butterfly-shaped links in the four sides of the web plate, the lateral load resisting mechanism is not the development of a diagonal tension field on the web plate (similar to Conventional SPSWs), but the capacity of the system is ...

in present research, 17 centrifuge tests have been conducted to study the effect of various parameters such as the number of piles, the distance between piles, gradation and thickness of the granular layer on the load-settlement behavior of a pile raft system. the results showed the importance of granular layer to reduce the settlement of non-connected pile raft system when the roles of piles a...

occupy wall street was a flag which went to the hands of the american protestors. this flag reflected the simulation of occupy wall street to the occupation of palestine and the main reference of the protest was aimed at zionism. the deep roots of this occupation dates back to the occupation of the american natives’ territories and in fact the same american monopoly in the path of american hist...