Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) analysis has been carried out using B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set for three water soluble vitamins (biotin, L-ascorbic acid and pyridoxine) and one fat soluble vitamin (phylloquinone) in ten solvents with wide range of dielectric constants. In this paper, we report electrostatic, dispersion and repulsive interaction components of Gibb’s free energy ...

The reduction of dioxygen in the presence of sodium cations can be tuned to give either sodium superoxide or sodium peroxide discharge products at the electrode surface. Control of the mechanistic direction of these processes may enhance the ability to tailor the energy density of sodium-oxygen batteries (NaO2 : 1071 Wh kg(-1) and Na2 O2 : 1505 Wh kg(-1) ). Through spectroelectrochemical analys...

A sensitive near-infrared detection system has been used to study the steady-state emission of lo, at 1268 nm produced by promazine (PZ) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) during photo-illumination. Singlet molecular oxygen could be detected in a variety of ordinary and perdeuterated organic solvents, but was not detectable in water or deuterium oxide. The emission was enhanced in the perdeuterated organ...

Solubility enhancement of antimicrobial drug enrofloxacin has been studied using a series of co-solvents and surfactants. Aqueous solubility of enrofloxacin could be increased up to 26 times. Co-solvents alone produced only small increase in solubility. However, the combined effect of co-solvents and buffer was synergistic and a large increase in solubility could be attained. Ionic surfactants ...

Surface nanobubbles produced by supersaturation during the exchange of ethanol for water are routinely observed on hydrophobic surfaces, are stable for days, and have contact angles that are very much greater than observed macroscopically. Here, we test the hypothesis that nanobubbles can also be observed in nonaqueous solvents in order to ascertain if their anomalous lifetimes and contact angl...

The thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase suspensions was studied in three organic solvents of different hydrophobicity (dodecane, octane, and 1-octanol) at three different water contents (14.1, 55.3 and 256.2 mg water g dry protein). In these conditions, the enzyme is much more stable than in aqueous solutions (inactivation temperatures were in the range of 125–1508C). The enzyme showed ...

Biocatalysis is generally regarded as a "green" technology. This statement is justified by the mild reaction conditions, the use of aqueous reaction media-with water as the paradigm of green solvents-, and the renewable nature of the biocatalysts. However, researchers making these statements frequently do not take into account the entire picture of their processes. Aspects like water consumptio...

Combining photolithography and hot embossing offers the capability of cost-efficient and high-fidelity fabrication of polymer microfluidic devices, however, poor chemical resistance in nonpolar organic solvents and high gas permeability of the currently used polymers narrow the range of applications of the microfluidic devices. With the aim of specific chemical or biological applications, we re...

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical and nutritional composition of Artemisia annua leaves in addition to determination of antioxidant potential of their extracts prepared in different solvents. Chemical composition was determined by quantifying fat, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, tocopherol, phytate, and tannin contents. Extraction of A. annua leaves, for antioxidant potential e...

Ionic liquids have favorable intrinsic properties that make them of interest as solvents for various chemical reactions. The same properties that make the liquids effective solvents also make them interesting liquids for studies involving sonochemistry, acoustic cavitation, and sonoluminescence. Recent interest in using ultrasound to accelerate chemical reactions conducted in ionic liquids nece...