East Germany’s unemployment rate still doubles that of West Germany and for the last decade its economic growth has been below that of other transition countries. Policy makers often point to the lack of entrepreneurship as one of East Germany’s main problems. This paper addresses the question of how East Germany’s integration into an established economy, West Germany, may have hindered a fruit...

The first goal of the current research is to investigate the relation between the management styles and the managerial efficiency. The second goal of the research is to rank managers according to their managerial styles in the Executive Agencies in Mazandaran. Consequently, the data were gathered using questionnaires. The sample size was 150. The collected data were further analyzed by SPSS...

We present a formal model of how the size of a firm’s administrative staff depends on the environment in which it operates. We consider a monopolist that introduces a new product in the face of market uncertainty. In a model that incorporates an informationprocessing view of the managerial hierarchies into a product choice problem, we relate optimal size of organizations to the speed of change ...

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Managerial opportunism is commonly considered as destructive for the parties involved in an agency relationship. Using a formulation close to Jensen and Meckling’s equity model, we consider an agency relationship between a manager and an investor. The latter is assumed to benefit from a market power in terms of external funding opportunities. For high values of the prevailing rate of interest, ...

Purpose This study examines how cash and stock bonus compensations influence top executives to allocate a firm's resources fixed intangible assets investment the extent which this relationship is conditional on executives' ownership, firm growth, internal flow leverage. Design/methodology/approach Using data from 213 non-financial non-utility UK FTSE 350 firms for period 2007–2015, generating t...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether low managerial quality predicts risk of depressive disorders. METHODS Using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses we examined the prospective association of individual-level and workplace-mean managerial quality with onset of depressive disorders among 5244 eldercare workers from 274 workplaces during 20 months follow-up. RESULTS Low managerial q...