Introduction: Mental foramen is an important landmark in mandible and knowledge regarding the actual location of mental foramen is important in dentistry. Materials &Methods: A total of 1172 digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated for assessment of the location of the mental foramen. The location was classified into six groups in relation to the apices of the premolars and first molar. R...

PURPOSE To report the use of intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for detecting anatomical changes during macular surgery. METHODS In a consecutive case series, 32 eyes of 32 patients undergoing concurrent pars plana vitrectomy and intraoperative SD-OCT for macular hole (MH), epiretinal membrane (ERM) and vitreomacular traction (VMT) were enrolled. Intraoperati...

OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive procedures minimize iatrogenic tissue damage and lead to a lower complication rate and high patient satisfaction. To date only experimental minimally invasive single-port approaches to the lateral skull base have been attempted. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of a minimally invasive multiport approach for advanced manipulation capability and vis...

AIM The aim of this article is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen (AMF). BACKGROUND The mental foramen is an important anatomical structure of particular importance in local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Although rare, multiple mental foramina have been described in h...

accurately localizing the mental foramen and mandibular canal is important when administering local anesthesia and performing surgery; therefore, knowing the normal range of the possible locations is essential. our purpose was to assess the location of the mental foramen and mandibular canal in an iranian population using panoramic radiography.standard panoramic radiographies were performed. th...

accurate diagnosis of the root canal morphology and anatomy is essential for thorough shaping and cleaning of the entire root canal system and consequent successful treatment. this report describes a case of maxillary second premolar with two roots and three root canals (two mesial and distal palatal canals). the case report underlines the importance of complete knowledge about root canal morph...

APEX nuclease is a mammalian DNA repair enzyme having apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, 3'-5'-exonuclease, DNA 3' repair diesterase and DNA 3'-phosphatase activities. It is also a redox factor (Ref-1), stimulating DNA binding activity of AP-1 binding proteins such as Fos and Jun. In the present paper, a cDNA for the enzyme was isolated from a rat brain cDNA library using mouse Apex cDNA ...