elevated tanks are very important structures and consist of various types. water supply is vital to control fires during earthquakes. also they are utilized to store different products, like petroleum supplies in cities and industrial zones. damage to these structures during strong ground motions may lead to fire or other hazardous events. elevated tanks should stay functional after and before ...

Studies were carried out on the localization and mapping of gas stations in the urban area of São Carlos city, for an environmental diagnosis related to soil, surface water and underground water contamination resulting from likely leaking in fuel underground storage tanks. Considering that a provision of legal restriction makes it possible that most of public areas are not located in gas statio...

Unanchored steel storage tanks are used in industrial plants to store oil and other petrochemical liquids. In a major earthquake, such may sustain different types of damage, including elasto-plastic buckling the shape an elephant's foot, which is object research. The methodology introduced this paper consists cloud-based 1D site response analysis (SRA) pushover-based seismic performance assessm...

An electroplating, or chemical treatment, line is composed of (see fig 1) : tanks containing each a chemical reagent, an input and an output buffer, hoists transporting the products from tank to tank. Therefore, a treatment results from the successive immersion of a product in several tanks. Tanks and hoists can only process one job at a time. Specific chemical constraints exist : • once a prod...

Atmospheric pressure combined with a partial vacuum within chemical plant or refinery tanks can result in some ego-deflating moments. This article will review three catastrophic vessel failures in detail and touch on several other incidents. A 4000-gal acid tank was destroyed by a siphoning action; a well maintained tank truck was destroyed during a routine delivery; and a large, brand new refi...

Experiments Most publications of velocity measurements in stirred tanks concern measurements in single-phase flows. An excellent review of these studies was made by Ranade and Joshi (1990a). Literature concerning velocity measurements in aerated stirred tanks is scarcer however. An overview of literature is given in Table 1. Lu and Ju (1987) used constant temperature anemometry (CTA) in order t...

We evaluated the consumption of duckweed (Lemna minor, Linnaeus) by juvenile Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus, Steindachner) through 48 hour indoor tank feeding trials. Feeding trials consisted of 5 tanks (4 treatment, 1 control). Tanks were stocked with 25 g of fresh duckweed at the initiation of each feeding trial. Designated treatment tanks were also stocked with 1 tilapia per tank. At the e...

Control the level of the liquids is a critical need in many industrial processes. Often the tanks are so coupled together that the levels interact and exhibits a nonlinear behaviour. Control of coupled tank system using conventional PI controllers, result in poor performance. In this paper the modelling and controller design for coupled tank liquid level process using characteristic ratio assig...

Worldwide transfer and introduction of non-indigenous species in ballast water causes significant environmental and economic impact. One way to address this problem is to remove or inactivate organisms that are found in ballast water. In this study, 3 experiments were conducted in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, using a prototype ozone treatment system installed on a commercial oil tanker, the S/...

The leakage process simulation of a Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) storage tank requires the simultaneous solution of the NGL’s pressure, temperature and phase state in the tank and across the leak hole. The methods available in the literature rarely consider the liquid/vapor phase transition of the NGL during such a process. This paper provides a comprehensive pressure-temperature-phase state method...