Respiratory variables, including tidal volume and respiratory rate, display significant variability. The probability density function (PDF) of respiratory variables has been shown to contain clinical information and can predict the risk for exacerbation in asthma. However, it is uncertain why this PDF plays a major role in predicting the dynamic conditions of the respiratory system. This paper ...

In this work, attempts are made to study the dispersion of Love waves in dry sandy layer sandwiched between fiber reinforced layer and inhomogeneous half space.Inhomogeneity in half space associated with density and rigidity and considered in exponential form. Displacement components for fiber reinforced layer, dry sandy layer and inhomogeneous half-space have been obtained by using method of s...

We review realistic models that reproduce quantum theory in some limit and yield potentially new physics outside that limit. In particular, we consider deterministic hidden-variables theories (such as the pilot-wave model) and their extension to “quantum nonequilibrium,” and we consider the continuous spontaneous localization model of wave function collapse. Other models are briefly discussed.

Coastal degradation and habitat disruption are severely compromising sessile marine species. The fan shell Pinna nobilis is an endemic, vulnerable species and the largest bivalve in the Mediterranean basin. In spite of species legal protection, fan shell populations are declining. Models analyzed the contributions of environmental (mean depth, wave height, maximum wave height, period of waves w...

Although real, normalized Gaussian wave packets minimize the product of position and momentum uncertainties, generic complex normalized Gaussian wave packets do not. We prove they minimize an alternative product of uncertainties that correspond to variables that are phase space rotations of position and momentum.

In an excitable thin-layer Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium a localized perturbation leads to the formation of omnidirectional target or spiral waves of excitation. A subexcitable BZ medium responds to asymmetric local perturbation by producing traveling localized excitation wave-fragments, distant relatives of dissipative solitons. The size and life span of an excitation wave-fragment depend o...

Relying on the analysis of characteristics, we prove the uniqueness of conservative solutions to the variational wave equation utt−c(u)(c(u)ux)x = 0. Given a solution u(t, x), even if the wave speed c(u) is only Hölder continuous in the t-x plane, one can still define forward and backward characteristics in a unique way. Using a new set of independent variables X,Y , constant along characterist...

In this paper, we introduce a general approach for proving optimal L2 error estimates for the semi-discrete local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) methods solving linear high order wave equations. The optimal order of error estimates hold not only for the solution itself but also for the auxiliary variables in the LDG method approximating the various order derivatives of the solution. Several examp...

We study the effect of viscosity on the large time behavior of the viscous Burgers equation by using a transformed version of Burgers (in self-similar variables) that captures efficiently the mechanism of transition to the asymptotic states and allows us to estimate the time of evolution from an N-wave to the final stage of a diffusion wave. Then we construct certain special solutions of diffus...

The treatment of social meaning in sociolinguistic variation has come in three waves of analytic practice. The first wave of variation studies established broad correlations between linguistic variables and the macrosociological categories of socioeconomic class, sex, class, ethnicity, and age. The second wave employed ethnographic methods to explore the local categories and configurations that...