Seismicity time properties of the Etna Volcano (Italy) are investigated through a systematic pattern recognition analysis. Mean Hypothesis Testing (MHT) has been applied to a long time database of instrumental data recorded from 1981 to 1996 to identify relevant correlation among seismic patterns, main seismogenic volumes and the eight flank eruptions occured in the same period. Time evolution ...

[1] We determine the volcano climate sensitivity l and response time t for the Mount Pinatubo eruption, using observational measurements of the temperature anomalies of the lower troposphere, measurements of the long wave outgoing radiation, and the aerosol optical density. Using standard linear response theory we find l = 0.15 ± 0.06 K/(W/m), which implies a negative feedback of 1.4 (+0.7, 1.6...

Volcanic eruptions pose a threat to lives and property when volcano flanks and surroundings are densely populated. The local impact of an eruption depends firstly on its location, whether it occurs near a volcano summit, or down on the flanks. Then forecasting, with a defined accuracy, the location of a potential, imminent eruption would significantly improve the assessment and mitigation of vo...

During the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in April and May 2010, the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre demonstrated the importance of infrared (IR) satellite imagery for monitoring volcanic ash and validating the Met Office operational model, NAME. This model is used to forecast ash dispersion and forms much of the basis of the advice given to civil aviation. NAME req...

Risk management stakeholders in high-populated volcanic islands should be provided with the latest high-quality volcanic information. We present here the first volcanic susceptibility map of Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands and their submarine flanks based on updated chronostratigraphical and volcano structural data, as well as on the geomorphological analysis of the bathymetric data of the submar...

We present new radar-based techniques for efficient identification of surface changes generated by lava and pyroclastic flows, and apply these to the 1996 eruption of Manam Volcano, Papua New Guinea. Polarimetric Land P-band airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, along with a C-band DEM, were acquired over the volcano on 17 November 1996 during a major eruption sequence. The Lband data a...

There has been an increasing interest in the effects of volcanic eruption on the environment, climate, and health following two recent volcanic eruptions in Iceland. Although health issues are mainly focused on subjects living close to the eruption due to the high concentration of airborne ash and gasses in close vicinity to the volcanoes, the ash may also reach high altitude and get distribute...

Pumice fragments recovered from an archeological excavation on the Greek mainland have been correlated by means of index of refraction measurements with the Late Bronze Age volcanic eruption on the island of Thera (Santorini) in the Aegean Sea. Pottery from the strata containing the pumice dates from the 15th century B.C.

Volcanic ash is emitted by most eruptions, sometimes reaching the stratosphere. In addition to its climate effect, ash may have a significant impact on civilian flights. Currently, the horizontal distribution of ash aerosols is quite extensively studied, but not its vertical profile, while of high importance for both applications mentioned. Here, we study the sensitivity of the thermal infrared...

Interactions with volcanic gases in eruption plumes produce soluble salt deposits on the surface of volcanic ash. While it has been postulated that saturation-driven precipitation of salts following the dissolution of ash surfaces by condensed acidic liquids is a primary mechanism of salt formation during an eruption, it is only recently that this mechanism has been subjected to detailed study....