We introduce a parameter that measures the \con-strainedness" of an ensemble of combinatorial problems. If problems are over-constrained, they are likely to be insoluble. If problems are under-constrained, they are likely to be soluble. This constrainedness parameter generalizes a number of parameters previously used in diierent NP-complete problem classes. Phase transitions in diierent NP clas...

For a graph G and an order a on V(G), we define a greedy defining set as a subset S of V(G) with an assignment of colors to vertices in S, such that the pre-coloring can be extended to a x( G)-coloring of G by the greedy coloring of (G, a). A greedy defining set ofaX( G)-coloring C of G is a greedy defining set, which results in the coloring C (by the greedy procedure). We denote the size of a ...

Background Ruxolitinib is a potent inhibitor of JAK1/2 with proven efficacy in myelofibrosis. In recent years, research in graft versus host disease (GVHD) has revealed the role of activation of JAK pathways in alloreactive lymphocytes. Some reports have shown significant responses in refractory GVHD patients. Cases presentation In this report we present our experience in 8 patients with acut...

We have developed a mouse system by which to track the migration and homing of cells in a setting of bone marrow transplantation (BMT)-induced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after systemic infusion using enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) transgenic (Tg) cells and a simple application of a fluorescence stereomicroscope outfitted with a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Whole b...

A joint working group established by the Haemato-oncology subgroup of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and the British Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation has reviewed the available literature and made recommendations for the supportive care and management of organ-specific complications of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD). This guideline includes recommendations ...

Granzyme B (GzmB) is a key cytotoxic molecule utilized by T cells to kill pathogen-infected cells or transformed tumor cells. Previous studies using allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) murine models showed that GzmB is required for CD8+ T cells to cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, our recent study demonstrated that GzmB-mediated damage of CD8+ T cells diminis...

Background and Aim: Over the past 2 decades, endoscopy has become an integral part of the surgical repertoire for pituitary procedures and over the past several decades, the endoscopic endonasal trans sphenoidal approach (EETA) has gradually become an accepted option for pituitary tumors with intra-,supra-,and para-sellar location and extension, because of its minimal invasiveness and high effi...

FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress GVHD while preserving graft-versus-tumor effects, making them an attractive target for GVHD therapy. The donor-derived Treg pool can potentially be derived from the expansion of preexisting natural Tregs (nTregs) or from de novo generation of inducible Tregs (iTregs) from donor Tconvs in the transplantation recipient. Using an MHC-mismatched model of...

objective: the aim of the present study was to evaluate unstimulated salivary flow rate and oral symptoms in menopausal women. materials and methods: a total of 200 individuals including 100 women in their menopause (case group) and 100 men in the same age range (control group) participated in this analytic descriptive investigation. none of the patients were being treated for any systemic dise...

allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is the most effective therapy to prevent relapse in acute lymphocytic leukemia (all). this benefit is affected by non-relapse mortality (nrm) due to complications such as graft versus host disease (gvhd). a new approach in analyzing time-dependent covariates in competing risks is landmark analysis. so, the aim of this study is to evaluat...