Ibn 'Abdul-Wahhab took the verses revealed to speak about the blasphemers and applied them to the Muslims. This verse means: [Who is more astray than the one who performs supplication (du'a') to [worship] other than Allah; the one other than Allah he supplicates to will not answer his du'a'.]

The previous chapters have been devoted to the development of the modern grammar which is the main concern of this study. The grammar (as well as the five subgrammars) is modern in the sense that it captures the modern speaker’s scansion of classical Chinese verse. At the same time, the apparent ancient nature of the corpus implies the relevance of a historical dimension of the issue, which wil...

Philologist: I need to parse Old French texts of different types (verse, prose, dialects etc.). Do I have to train separate parser models? Computational Linguist: You won’t lose much if you train the parser on all the data you have. P: I can’t do the training myself. What can I expect from existing parser models? C: If the training corpus contained 12th century verse texts, you are best prepare...

Domain adaptation is a key feature in Machine Translation. It generally encompasses terminology, domain and style adaptation, especially for human postediting workflows in Computer Assisted Translation (CAT). With Neural Machine Translation (NMT), we introduce a new notion of domain adaptation that we call “specialization” and which is showing promising results both in the learning speed and in...

Most bacterial exported proteins cross the cytoplasmic membrane as unfolded polypeptides. However, little is known about how they fold during or after this process due to the difficulty in detecting folding intermediates. Here we identify cotranslational and posttranslational folding intermediates of a periplasmic protein in which the protein and DsbA, a periplasmic disulfide bond-forming enzym...

The system PL permits the translation of abstract proofs of program correctness into programs in a variety of programming languages. A programming language satisfying certain axioms may be the target of such a translation. The system PL also permits the construction and proof of correctness of programs in an abstract programming language, and permits the translation of these programs into corre...

We have implemented an interactive, Web-based, chat-style machine translation system, supporting speech recognition and synthesis, localor thirdparty correction of speech recognition and machine translation output, and online learning. The underlying client-server architecture, implemented in Java, provides remote, distributed computation for the translation and speech subsystems. We further de...

CPS transformation is an important tool in the compilation of functional programming languages. For strict languages, such as our web programming language “Rinso” or Microsoft’s F#, monadic expressions can help with structuring and composing computations. To apply a CPS transformation in the compilation process of such a language, we integrate explicit monadic abstraction in a call-by-value sou...

We present a new translation model that include undecorated hierarchical-style phrase rules, decorated source-syntax rules, and partially decorated rules. Results show an increase in translation performance of up to 0.8% BLEU for German–English translation when trained on the news-commentary corpus, using syntactic annotation from a source language parser. We also experimented with annotation f...

Recently, image-to-image translation has been made much progress owing to the success of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs). However, it’s still very challenging for translation tasks with the requirement of high-level visual information conversion, such as phototo-caricature translation that requires satire, exaggeration, lifelikeness and artistry. We present an approach for l...