Noradrenaline has long played a key role in the way the etiology of depression is conceptualized and in the mechanism of action of many current antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), the noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant ...

BACKGROUND Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed medications in young and middle-aged adults, but there is relatively little information on their safety across a range of adverse outcomes in this age group. This study aimed to assess associations between antidepressant treatment and several adverse outcomes in people aged 20-64 years diagnosed with depression. METHODS We con...

Major depressive disorder is a common emotional mood disease, which mainly manifests as depression, cognitive impairment, weakened volition activities, loss of appetite, and sleep disorders. Depression mental affecting more than 264 million people worldwide. There are many antidepressant drugs in clinic, e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin (5-HT) r...

K(+) channels are key regulators of cellular excitability. Mutations that activate K(+) channels can lower cellular excitability, whereas those that inhibit K(+) channels may increase excitability. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans egl-2 gene encodes an eag K(+) channel and that a gain-of-function mutation in egl-2 blocks excitation in neurons and muscles by causing the channel to open at...

Effects of antidepressant drugs on the amygdaloid after-discharge induced by stimulating the amygdala in rats implanted with chronic electrodes, were investigated in correlation with anti-muricidal effects as well as neurotoxicity. Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, imipramine and nortriptyline markedly depressed both after-discharge and muricide at doses smaller than neurotoxic d...

Many therapies have been proposed for the management of temporomandibular disorders, including the use of different drugs. However, lack of knowledge about the mechanisms behind the pain associated with this pathology, and the fact that the studies carried out so far use highly disparate patient selection criteria, mean that results on the effectiveness of the different medications are inconclu...

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common disorder in our community. Hypericum perforatumm, is a herb with a long application history in treating depression. A controlled study to evaluate the effects of this herbal medicine in Iran did not exist. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effect of Hypericum perforatom (perforan), in combination with tricyclic antidepressa...