one main group of a transportation network is a discrete hub covering problem that seeks to minimize the total transportation cost. this paper presents a multi-product and multi-mode hub covering model, in which the transportation time depends on travelling mode between each pair of hubs. indeed, the nature of products is considered different and hub capacity constraint is also applied. due to ...

The analysis of the most researches related to the supplier selection shows that very little attention is given to transportation although its cost may be significant important to this selection. In this paper, we present a multiobjective approach of selecting suppliers and allocating the order quantity among them, taking into account transportation. The objectives to minimize in the model are ...

BACKGROUND The substitution of generic treatment alternatives for brand-name drugs is a strategy that can help lower Medicare beneficiary out-of-pocket costs. Beginning in 2011, Medicare beneficiaries reaching the coverage gap received a 50% discount on the full drug cost of brand-name medications and a 7% discount on generic medications filled during the gap. This discount will increase until ...

We address the coordination problem in a single-supplier/multiple-buyer supply chain. The supplier wishes to coordinate the supply chain by offering quantity discounts. To obtain their complete cost information, the supplier exchanges his own cost parameters with buyers leading to vertical information sharing. The supplier thinks that the buyers, as they have access to supplier’s setup and hold...

BACKGROUND Patients being managed on warfarin make frequent or regular visits to anticoagulation monitoring appointments. International studies have evaluated transportation cost and associated time related to anticoagulation clinic visits. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the cost of transportation to such clinic visits in the United States. OBJECTIVE To describe the methods of tr...

The availability of low-cost cigarettes undermines tobacco control’s most effective measure to reduce smoking prevalence: keeping cigarette prices high by raising tobacco taxes.1 The discount cigarette market share has grown considerably since 2003,2 with discount cigarettes selling for $10-$15 less per carton than premium brands. Contraband cigarettes – cigarettes sold illegally – are even che...

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the periodic inventory model with backorder price discounts, where shortages are partially backlogged. The application of just-in-time (JIT) philosophy i.e., crashing of the lead-time and setup cost has been carried component wise. Two cases have been discussed viz 1 protection interval demand distribution is known (normal distribution approach) ...

Abstract This paper proposes an optimization scheme of the transportation assignment for the oil product secondary distribution. Firstly, for the multi-variety oil product a cost model of the secondary distribution system for the oil product is established. Then a transportation assignment scheme is designed with the table-manipulation method. Based on the proposed transportation assignment sch...

In real world applications the supply, the demand and the transportation cost per unit of the quantities in a transportation problem are hardly specified precisely because of the changing economic and environmental conditions. It is also important that the time required for transportation should be minimum. In this paper a method has been proposed for the minimization of transportation cost as ...