extended abstract 1. introduction the translation of literary works in iran has always been subject to social and political conditions, intellectual tendencies, and dominant ideologies of the related historical period. hence, in each period the translators were inclined to translate specific literary works according to the beliefs and viewpoint of a distinguished political and social group. thu...

from sep. 1984 to aug. 1990,99 patients were treated for ureteral stone using the urekroscope. in five patients ureteroscopy was repeated for a second stone. in one patient the procedure was diagnostic in nature and in the rest of the patients it had a curative value. in 60 patients the stone was removed by electrohydraulic and basket combination and in25 cases, dilatation alone was enough. rat...

b a c k ground: over the past decades, instruments and techniques of the transsphenoidal approach have improved greatly. all of these procedures, whether microscopic or endoscopic, must pass through the sphenoid sinus to reach the lesions. the sphenoid sinus is surrounded by several vital anatomical structures. knowing the details of the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and the extent of pneumatiz...

fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) is an industrial medicinal plant with different pharmaceutical and food applications. in this study, the leaf essential oil composition of 12 iranian accessions of fennel collected from different geographical regions was assessed. the essential oil yield of fennel leaves ranged from 0.65% (varamin accession) to 2.03% (tabriz accession). trans-anethole, fenchone...

background: there is a little data on coxiella burnetii (q fever agent) in iran. ticks may play a significant role in the transmission of c. burnetii among animals . the aim of this study was to use polymerase chain reaction for the detec­tion of c. burnetii in ticks collected in southeast iran. methods : one hundred and sixty ticks were collected from domestic animals in three localities of ke...