The kidney plays a major role in acid-base homeostasis by adapting the excretion of acid equivalents to dietary intake and metabolism. Urinary acid excretion is mediated by the secretion of protons and titratable acids, particularly ammonia. NH(3) is synthesized in proximal tubule cells from glutamine taken up via specific amino acid transporters. We tested whether kidney amino acid transporter...

Greenwald and Lewman (1) described a method in which the protein and carbonic acid of blood are removed by picric acid, so that the alkali of the proteinates and bicarbonate is replaced by an equivalent of alkali picrate, which is measured. The picric acid precipitates the protein and frees the COZ, which is boiled off from the filtrate. The alkali picrate is measured as total picric acid minus...

The effect of long-term differences in diet composition on whole-body acid-base status was examined in thirty-three young healthy females. The volunteers were recruited from two separate groups matched approximately for age, height and weight; one group regularly ate meat (omnivores; n 20) and one group did not (vegetarians; n 13). All subjects completed a 7 d weighed intake of food, and from t...

Agnathans, comprising lamprey and hagfish species, have been reported to be practically devoid of HCO3-/Cl- exchange across the red blood cell membrane. This suggests that the capacity of their haemoglobin (Hb) to remove H+ is essential for obtaining a high CO2-carrying capacity in the blood. Hydrogen ion titrations were performed on oxygenated and deoxygenated composite Hbs from river lamprey ...

Unidirectional Na and Cl~ fluxes, net fluxes of Na, Cl~, other ions, titratable acid (TA), ammonia and acidic equivalents (net H) across the gills, together with the comparable renal fluxes, were monitored throughout a 24-h period after exhaustive exercise (simple chasing) in the rainbow trout. The gills were the major site of flux. The renal excretion of [TA—HCO3~], ammonia, lactate and most e...

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) was examined under natural environmental conditions in the succulent C(4) dicot Portulaca oleracea L. Two groups of plants were monitored; one was watered daily (well watered), while the other received water once every 3 to 4 weeks to produce a psi of -8 bars (drought stressed). Gas exchange, transpiration rate, and titratable acidity were measured for 24-hour...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to examine the quality and storage characteristics of yogurt containing antifungal-active lactic acid bacteria (ALH, Lacobacillus sakei ALI033) isolated from kimchi and cinnamon ethanol extract. The starter was used for culture inoculation (1.0 % commercial starter culture YF-L812 and ALH). RESULTS The antifungal activity of cinnamon extracts was observed i...

Background: Unlike industrially production, Iranian traditional doogh are not pasteurized after production. Hence, possible contamination with different pathogenic bacteria may occur during production or post-production of traditional doogh. The aim of the present study was to monitor the behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in traditional Iranian doogh at different t...