Introduction: Vaccinology provides promising approaches for the control of various infectious diseases. Among different strategies, DNA vaccines offer attractive research opportunities for development of vaccines for induction of antigen-specific immunity owing to their stability, simplicity of delivery, safety and cost effectiveness. However, there is a need to increase their potency by the ...

Transcriptional activation by the HIV-1 Tat protein requires specific residues in the hexanucleotide loop and trinucleotide bulge of the TAR RNA stem-loop structure found in the 5'-untranslated leader of all viral transcripts. Tat directly contacts residue U 22 in the bulge and is thought to act in concert with cellular factors bound to the loop. We find that HeLa nuclear extracts contain two s...

The trans-activating responsive (TAR) RNA element located in the 5' untranslated region of the HIV-1 genome is a 57-nt imperfect stem-loop essential for the viral replication. TAR regulates transcription by interacting with both viral and cellular proteins. RNA hairpin aptamers specific for TAR were previously identified by in vitro selection [Ducongé,F. and Toulmé,J.J. (1999) In vitro selectio...

It seemed like a change for the best at the time. The change involved a progressive decrease, from the 1960s onwards, in the tar yield from cigarettes. The tar yield was readily measured using smoking machines. A firm basis existed for anticipating that a reduced yield of tar from cigarettes would result in a reduced incidence of lung cancer in people smoking them. So health authorities, includ...

Black liquor is a big energy source and a crucial component for the economy of the pulp and paper industry. Black liquor is conventionally burned in the Tomlinson recovery boiler. However, black liquor gasification combined cycle (BLGCC) has some advantages over the conventional technology, like superior energy efficiency, that makes this technology suitable to replace the traditional boiler. L...

We have demonstrated that polyamide nucleic acids complementary to the transactivation response (TAR) element of HIV-1 LTR inhibit HIV-1 production when transfected in HIV-1 infected cells. We have further shown that anti-TAR PNA (PNA(TAR)) conjugated with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is rapidly taken up by cells and exhibits strong antiviral and anti-HIV-1 virucidal activities. Here, we phar...

Gasification char is an effective catalyst for tar reforming because of the abundance surface active sites, which are available heterogeneous conversion hydrocarbons and interactions with agents. This paper focuses on importance certain properties gasification catalytic reforming. Specifically, reactivity spruce examined, along its performance as a toluene conversion. The material used this wor...

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the combustion low-calorific producer gas within porous burner. small scale downdraft biomass gasification for rural area was performed produce gaseous fuel. Three types wood in Thailand were used as raw materials gas, i.e. Acacia-mangium, White popinac and Eucalyptus. low heating values range 3800-4232 kJ.kg-1 that are difficult burn convent...

James R. Mahan Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3810 Fourth Street, Lubbock, TX 79415-3397 Pyrithiobac control of Palmer amaranth on the Texas Southern High Plains was correlated previously with temperature at the time of application. In the present study, the thermal dependence of pyrithiobac efficacy was used to define a thermal application range (TAR) for postemergen...

Transcriptional activation by the HIV-1 Tat protein requires specific residues in the hexanucleotide loop and trinucleotide bulge of the TAR RNA stem-loop structure found in the 5'-untranslated leader of all viral transcripts. Tat directly contacts residue U22 in the bulge and is thought to act in concert with cellular factors bound to the loop. We find that HeLa nuclear extracts contain two sp...