Some threshold energy is required for 4-aminobenzenethiol to occupy the gold surface sites capable of leading to the appearance of surface-enhanced Raman scattering peaks via a charge transfer resonance enhancement mechanism.

Cavitation damage in flexure bars crept at 1170°C was studied by a density measurement technique. The cavity density within the flexure beams could be approximated by a linear function of position from the tensile surface. A threshold stress for cavitation damage is suggested from the results of this study. Below the threshold tensile stress, cavitation ceases, whereas above the threshold, cavi...

Parametrically excited surface waves (Faraday waves) are studied near the threshold for breaking. The breaking state ejects droplets from wave peaks when the applied forcing exceeds an acceleration threshold. The rate of breaking events approaches zero gradually with decreasing acceleration. Two properties of these ejections were studied around the ejection threshold. Analysis of the ejection r...

A mathematical model that expresses the relationship between Near-infrared light intensity and automatic threshold for automatic kiwifruit surface defect detection was established. By applying different levels of Near-infrared light intensity to machine vision system, 268 images were collected. Then the images were processed with MATLAB using the method to detect kiwifruit defects based on Near...

The perception of luminosity is thought to depend upon the intensity of the stimulus: a surface begins to appear self-luminous when it emits or reflects a certain amount of light. This is known as the luminosity threshold. It is a common opinion among vision scientists that such a threshold is correlated to the intensity of a perceptually white surface, in the sense that only an area of the vis...

[1] We study channelization and slope destabilization driven by subsurface (groundwater) flow in a laboratory experiment. The pressure of the water entering the sand pile from below as well as the slope of the sand pile are varied. We present quantitative understanding of the three modes of sediment mobilization in this experiment: surface erosion, fluidization, and slumping. The onset of erosi...

We show that surface swelling is the first step in the interaction of a single femtosecond laser pulse with PMMA. This is followed by perforation of the swollen structure and material ejection. The size of the swelling and the perforated hole increases with pulse energy. After certain energy the swelling disappears and the interaction is dominated by the ablated hole. This behaviour is independ...

The surface code scheme for quantum error correction holds great promise with relatively high error rate thresholds predicted some three orders of magnitude higher than conventional quantum error-correcting codes (such as the Steane code). The central problem is the question of how to physically implement the surface code in viable physical qubit systems. This report details the calculation of ...

We systematically investigate the effects of surface roughness on the characteristics of ultraviolet zinc oxide plasmonic nanolasers fabricated on aluminium films with two different degrees of surface roughness. We demonstrate that the effective dielectric functions of aluminium interfaces with distinct roughness can be analysed from reflectivity measurements. By considering the scattering loss...