We propose a transaction management protocol for increasing concurrency and deadline satisfaction in a real-time distributed database. This protocol combines the concepts of data imprecision and transaction importance. The isolation level tolerated is not maximal, that is, each read transaction may access a data item while another transaction is writing it provided that the amount of inconsiste...

The flat price structure of prix fixe menus (i.e., fixed food prices and fixed service gratuities) affords restaurant operators the opportunity to present the same menu price in different ways. This report examined customers’ responses to financially equivalent prix fixe menu prices with a built-in gratuity (i.e., all-inclusive prices), a separately listed percentage gratuity and a separately l...

Abstract Since the beginning of 2022, prices for food and energy have been rising sharply. In low-income sector, this leads to financial emergencies, since standard living here is far below standards society anyway. On other hand, consequences inflation can certainly be absorbed in upper income brackets. Against background, government measures should concentrated on lower Appropriate would paym...

Abstract Partitioned pricing is a practice that divides the price of product into base and one or more mandatory surcharges. This paper develops theory partitioned using duopoly model where owner each firm determines surcharge but delegates setting to manager. In equilibrium, both firms choose over conventional all-inclusive pricing. Moreover, leads higher full prices larger profits than Most s...

In this study, a self-developed adaptive finite element limit analysis (AFELA) code was adopted to explore the stability of dual tunnels in cohesive–frictional soil subjected surcharge loading and seismic action. Parametric studies different influential factors, including depth tunnels, horizontal distance between acceleration coefficient, unit weight, cohesion internal friction angle soils, we...

The bearing capacity of strip footings on unsaturated soils is studied using slip line theory. The suction profiles considered are non-uniform with depth and correspond to vertical flow of water by infiltration or evaporation. The slip line theory assumes a plastic equilibrium state of a Mohr-Coulomb soil in which suction influences are included using the effective stress concept. This paper sh...

We explored the effect of attribute framing on choice, labeling charges for environmental costs as either an earmarked tax or an offset. Eight hundred ninety-eight Americans chose between otherwise identical products or services, where one option included a surcharge for emitted carbon dioxide. The cost framing changed preferences for self-identified Republicans and Independents, but did not af...