Foliar hosts of Phytophthora ramorum are often susceptible to root infection but the epidemiological significance of such infections is unknown. A standardized test system was developed to quantify inoculum in runoff from root-infected Viburnum tinus ?Spring Bouquet? or Rhododendron ?Cunningham's White? cuttings. Cuttings of both species gave off a maximum amount of inoculum 1 to 3 weeks after ...

The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model has been widely applied to assess phosphorus (P) loss in runoff water and has been proposed as a model to support practical decisions regarding agricultural P management, as well as a model to evaluate tools such as the P Index. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of APEX to simulate P losses from agricultural systems ...

Revealing the impact of future climate change on characteristics and evolutionary patterns meteorological hydrological droughts exploring joint distribution their drought are essential for early warning in basin. In this study, we considered Jinghe River Basin Loess Plateau as research object. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) runoff (SRI) series were used to represent with monthly gen...

land-use change affects a number natural processes such as soil erosion, sedimentation, flooding and destruction of soil physical and chemical properties. this change of ecosystem causes the degradation of soil quality which eventually leads to a severe decrease in soil fertility. therefore, various aspects of land-use change should be taken into account in national major decision makings. this...

The land surface parameterization used with the community climate model (CCM3) and the climate system model (CSM1), the National Center for Atmospheric Research land surface model (NCAR LSM1), has been modified as part of the development of the next version of these climate models. This new model is known as the community land model (CLM2). In CLM2, the surface is represented by five primary su...

Despite observa onal evidence of lateral preferen al fl ow paths in northeastern U.S. watersheds, their eff ects on the sources of runoff remain unclear. An intense fi eld survey was undertaken during the 2007 growing season to determine the sources of stream runoff from a 2.51 km2 watershed in the Catskill Mountains, New York State. Lateral preferen al fl ow paths are caused by groundwater spr...

There have been several proposals to evaluate potential runoff in center pivot irrigation, through the integration of time varying infiltration–precipitation rate curves, involving complex iterative procedures. Some methods use empirical infiltration functions, such as the Kostiakov equation. Others use physically based infiltration functions, such as the Green–Ampt equation. Another option is ...

Despite observa onal evidence of lateral preferen al fl ow paths in northeastern U.S. watersheds, their eff ects on the sources of runoff remain unclear. An intense fi eld survey was undertaken during the 2007 growing season to determine the sources of stream runoff from a 2.51 km2 watershed in the Catskill Mountains, New York State. Lateral preferen al fl ow paths are caused by groundwater spr...