The impact of emergent macrophyte species and crepuscular sprinkler disturbance on mosquito abundance over a 2-year period was measured in wetland mesocosms. Mosquito oviposition and abundance of immature mosquitoes and aquatic invertebrates were monitored in monotypic plots of small-stature (height of mature stands <1.5 m) alkali bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and large-stature (height of ...

Heat stress and dusty conditions are common challenges for cattle during the summer, and a typical method of alleviating these problems involves sprinkling cattle and pens with water. The effect of sprinkling water on the incidence of zoonotic pathogens has not been previously studied. Four pens of heifers (n = 41) were cooled using sprinklers, and four pens (n = 43) served as controls. Heifers...

Citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton), is a plant-feeding pest most widely recognized for causing damage to citrus and mango fruits. This insect has broadened its host range to become a significant pest of commercial blueberries grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California. We evaluated Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) for control of citrus thrips in blueberries grown under two watering regi...

The concept of sustainable livelihood garnered a prominent status in humanitarian and international development organizations that aim to calculate build for agroforestry farmers. However, it is difficult measure analyze as well visualize the data improvement from (AF). This paper comparatively assessed 400 smallholder farmers’ through AF conventional farming (CF) systems Northern Irrigated Pla...

The present work involves a new and novel upgrading design to the classical solar chimney power plant (SCPP) structure. SCPP was modified by adding co-centric secondary external structure enhance energy production. In improved design, named double-chimney (SDCPP), internal chimney, operates like traditional produce electricity during daytime whereas as 10 cooling towers (CT) in series. Each CT ...

The advantage of a sprinkler irrigation method is that it saves up to 50% water consumption during the application water, as compared any other surface system. To assess behavior method, wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) are often employed important parameters. predictive capacities four previous mathematical empirical models two data mining algorithms, namely, reduced-error pruning tree...

Sprinkler and Fan Cooling Principles In sprinkler and fan cooling, the sprinklers create droplets that wet the cow’s hair coat to the skin. Fans are then used to force air over the cow’s body (see Figure 1), causing evaporative cooling to take place on the skin and hair coat. Heat from the cow’s body causes the moisture to evaporate. The droplet size must be large enough to wet the skin surface...

Fire test data of boats in rack storage are needed to establish more specific requirements for fire control and protection for this type of vessel in high piled rack storage configurations. Since there is no current large or full scale fire test data available, we have embarked upon testing fire and thermal properties of boat material, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite, by using Differen...