In response to low environmental temperatures third instar larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, undergo the process of cold-hardening in which they acquire freeze-tolerance. Cold-hardening includes the elevation of the supercooling point, the temperature at which body water spontaneously freezes, and the accumulation of the low-molecular-mass cryoprotectants, glycerol, sorbito...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel composite porous scaffold by blending chitosan and gamma-poly(glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) for the sustained delivery of rhBMP-2. METHODS Chitosan and gamma-PGA were blended to fabricate a novel porous scaffold by the freeze-gelation method. For comparison, scaffolds made of freeze-dried chitosan, freeze-dried PLLA, and freeze-gelled chit...

A cold plasma ionization device has been designed to monitor freeze-drying processes in situ by monitoring lyophilization chamber moisture content. This plasma device, which consists of a probe that can be mounted directly on the lyophilization chamber, depends upon the ionization of nitrogen and water molecules using a radiofrequency generator and spectrometric signal collection. The study per...

Chemical and thermal freeze–out of the hadronic fireball formed in symmetric collisions of light, intermediate–mass, and heavy nuclei at beam energies between 0.8A GeV and 2.0A GeV are discussed in terms of an equilibrated, isospin–symmetric ideal hadron gas with grand–canonical baryon–number conservation. For each collision system the baryochemical potential µ B and the chemical freeze–out tem...

OBJECTIVE To determine the validity of the shake test for detecting freeze damage in aluminium-based, adsorbed, freeze-sensitive vaccines. METHODS A double-blind crossover design was used to compare the performance of the shake test conducted by trained health-care workers (HCWs) with that of phase contrast microscopy as a "gold standard". A total of 475 vials of 8 different types of World He...

Hadronic single-particle spectra and correlations carry information about the freeze-out state of the fireball which results from the collective expansion of the strongly interacting matter. Often, the freeze-out state is being modelled in framework of the Cooper-Frye [7] mechanism where all particles − regardless of their identity and/or momentum − are emitted from a single sharp three-dimensi...

Concrete patch repair has long been used to repair the damaged concrete structures. In cold regions, freeze– thaw cycle is one of the major damage factors. Not only the material itself is damaged by freeze–thaw cycles, but also the adhesive interface, which is regarded as the weakest part of composite system, degrades under freeze–thaw cycles. Air entraining agent has long been used to increase...

Changes in physico-chemical properties and m enzymatic activities of some muscle proteins by freeze-thawing or freeze-drying were measured for the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of protein denaturation by freeze-thawing and freezedrying. The results showed following: Freeze-thawing unfolded the conformation of the rod-like proteins and decreased their enzymatic activities. The two effects ...

SIEGEL, J. M., M. B. STERMAN AND S. ROSS. Automatic detection and operant reinforcement of slow potential shifts.PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 23(2) 411-413, 1979.—A technique for the automatic detection and operant reinforcement of slow potential (SP) changes is described. The SP shift detection device contains 3 inhibit channels to control sources of potential artifact including: vertical EOG, horizontal E...