condensation reaction of urea, casein and formaldehyde in the presence of varying proportion of resorcinol under alkaline condition. All the prepared resins were characterized by free-formaldehyde content, free-phenol content, viscosity measurements and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The resin samples were cured isothermally at 120oC using two different curing agents, p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTS...

The natural fiber reinforced composites are being used in various fields of applications that are contributing to the replacement of synthetic fibers composites which consists of Boron, glass fiber, carbon fiber etc.. The composite natural fibers are being used due its light weight, higher specific strength and eco friendly natural, non –abrasive which also have economical value. As they are ma...

The present paper investigates the effect of adding silica nanoparticles to an anhydride-cured epoxy polymer in bulk and when used as the matrix of carbonand glass-fibre reinforced composites. The formation of ‘hybrid’ epoxy polymers, containing both silica nanoparticles and carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber microparticles, is also discussed. The structure/property relat...

This paper presents an experimental study on the development of polymer bio-composites. The powdered coconut shell, walnut shells and Rice husk are used as reinforcements with bio epoxy resin to form hybrid composite specimens. The fiber compositions in each specimen are 1:1 while the resin and hardener composition 10:1 respectively. The fabricated composites were tested as per ASTM standards t...

In recent decades, the application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening structural elements has become an efficient option to meet the increased cyclic loads or repair due to corrosion or fatigue cracking. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the existing FRP reinforcing techniques to care for fatigue damaged structural steel elements. This study covers the...

This chapter gives a comprehensive account of the materials used in manufacturing vehicles. In the first section it explains the properties and characteristics that a suitable material should have to be accepted in automotive production. In later sections it reviews the history of development of the materials in automotive from the most traditional to the most recent ones. In the class of the m...

Recently, there has been a fast growth in research and investigation in the natural fibre composite due to the advantages of these materials, such us low environmental impact, low cost and good mechanical properties compared to synthetic fibre composites. Much effort has gone into increasing the mechanical performance and applications of natural fibes. This paper examines the mechanical propert...

acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (nbr) composites are prepared from waste nylon 66 short fiber using a two-roll mill mixer. the effects of fiber content and bonding agent on the mechanical and morphological properties of the composites are studied. the curing characteristics of the composites have been studied by using cure rheometer. the cure and scorch time of the composites decrease while cure...

A structural health monitoring (SHM) study of biaxial glass fibre-reinforced epoxy matrix composites under a constant, high strain uniaxial fatigue loading is performed using fibre Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors embedded in composites at various locations to monitor the evolution of local strains, thereby understanding the damage mechanisms. Concurrently, the temperature changes of the sam...