The nutritional significance of essential amino acids, as well as non-essential amino acids, is well documented in poultry production with regards to growth performance and protein accretion. However, the function of amino acids in the stress response is still unclear. L-Pipecolic acid, a L-lysine metabolite in the brain, induced a hypnotic and sedative effect acting via the γaminobutyric acid ...

Various adverse events resulting from, or associated with, benzodiazepine and/or Z-drug use have been extensively reported on and discussed in great detail within the biomedical literature. It is widely accepted that motor vehicle accidents and falls leading to fractures in older adults are major adverse events that have been shown to occur more frequently in users of sedative-hypnotic medicati...

Sedating children for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures remains an area of rapid change and considerable controversy. Exploration of this topic is made difficult by the fact that the reports of techniques and outcomes for pediatric sedation appear in a wide range of subspecialty publications and rarely undergo comprehensive examination. In this review article, we will touch on many aspects ...

Bipolar affective disorder is often poorly controlled by prescribed drugs. Cannabis use is common in patients with this disorder and anecdotal reports suggest that some patients take it to alleviate symptoms of both mania and depression. We undertook a literature review of cannabis use by patients with bipolar disorder and of the neuropharmacological properties of cannabinoids suggesting possib...

327 CBT-I in PTSD—Talbot et al INTRODUCTION As many as 90% of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report nightmares and insomnia1,2 and even when nightmares are excluded, sleep disturbance is the most frequently reported symptom of PTSD.3 A survey of Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD showed that 59% to 73% of subjects with PTSD report insomnia and nonrestorative sleep.4 Moreov...

BACKGROUND Sedative-hypnotic drugs not only increase sedation, but also impair memory as serum concentration increases. These drugs also produce profound changes in the auditory event-related potential (ERP). The ability of various ERP components to predict changes in sedation and memory produced by various drugs was tested. METHODS Sixty-five healthy volunteers randomly received intravenous ...

Background Hypnotic use in children and adolescents is controversial. Objective To describe the of hypnotic drugs (melatonin, z-drugs, sedating antihistamines) among 5- to 24-year-old Scandinavians during 2012 2018. Methods Aggregate-level data were obtained from public sources Sweden, Norway, Denmark. We calculated annual prevalence (users/1000 inhabitants) stratified by age group, sex, countr...

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the status of drug use and analyze effects on falls among older people.Methods: The data were collected from 285 community-dwelling persons through interviewing with questionnaires checking participants’ medication prescriptions drugs using Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center’s (KPIC) website. medications classified into anatomical therapeutic divisions...