Background Active 'hands-on' participation in the 'hot-seat' during immersive simulation-based training (SBT) induces stress for participants, which is believed to be necessary to improve performance. We hypothesized that observers of SBT can subsequently achieve an equivalent level of non-technical performance as 'hot-seat' participants despite experiencing lower stress. Methods We randomize...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of body mass composition and cushion type on seat-interface pressure in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients and healthy subjects. METHODS Twenty SCI patients and control subjects were included and their body mass composition measured. Seat-interface pressure was measured with participants in an upright sitting posture on a wheelchair with three kinds of sea...

OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the association between the abdominal seat belt sign and intra-abdominal injuries (IAIs) in children presenting to emergency departments with blunt torso trauma after motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). METHODS This was a planned subgroup analysis of prospective data from a multicenter cohort study of children with blunt torso trauma after MVCs. Patient ...

[Purpose] This study was aimed at investigating the influence of seat height and body posture on the activity of the superior trapezius and longissimus muscles. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty two healthy subjects were instructed to perform a total of eight different body postures, varying according three main factors: seat height (low and high seat); trunk inclination (upright and leaning forwar...

This study used telephone interview data on booster seat use from a state-wide probability sample of parents with children ages 4-8-years-old who were living in Michigan. Interviews were completed with parents of children in 350 households. Analyses examined the entire sample, and three sub-groups: always users, part-time booster seat users, and booster seat non-users. Results indicated that bo...

OBJECTIVE This paper details an observational study that estimates rates for wearing seat belts in rural Alberta and compares them with rates derived from a similar study conducted in 1999. METHOD Direct observations of drivers and front-seat passengers of 72,593 light-duty vehicles were carried out at 334 survey locations in communities with populations of fewer than 25,000, throughout north...

BACKGROUND Seat belts have been proven to save lives. However, if they are not properly fitted, 'seat belt syndrome' can occur. The aim of the present study was to describe injuries encountered in Canadian children with seat belt-associated injuries. METHODS Canadian paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists were surveyed monthly through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. Childr...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a national one week media campaign promoting booster seat use. DESIGN Pre-test, post-test design based on nationally representative random digit dialing telephone survey, with control for exposure to campaign. SETTING Canada. SUBJECTS Parents of children aged 4-9 years. INTERVENTIONS During a one week campaign in May 2004, information on booster ...

The ability of hospital-based car seat rental programs to provide car seats inexpensively throughout an entire state and the effect of these rental programs on car seat usage by newborns were evaluated. In July 1979 individuals and groups committed to child passenger safety formed a coalition called Vermont SEAT (Seatbelts Eliminate Automobile Tragedies). During the next 3 years SEAT asked the ...

OBJECTIVES Motor vehicle injury is the leading cause of injury death for children 4 to 8 years of age. Although booster seat use in this age group substantially reduces the risk of injury, most children are currently restrained by seatbelts designed for adults. The objective of this study was to measure booster seat use directly, determine factors predictive of proper child restraint, and asses...