This paper addresses the coefficient of kinetic friction of relatively warm ice (-50 °C) sliding slowly (<1 m s) over itself and presents physical models to account for two characteristics: velocity-strengthening at lower speeds and velocity-weakening at higher speeds. The models are based upon a combination of creep deformation within a near-surface zone and frictional heating cum localized me...

This paper reviews methods that can be used to estimate the loss in use value associated with saltwater beach recreation in the case of an environmental accident, such as an oil spill. Particular attention is focused on methods for verifying beach attendance data and on transferring benefit estimates from other locales. The paper first reviews methods for estimating what reported attendance mig...

Crack path selection in mixed mode fracture tests of adhesive bonds, including those with locally weakened interfaces Adhesives offer many advantages over discrete mechanical fasteners such as bolts and rivets. By eliminating the holes or other mechanical fasteners, components may often be made thinner that will save weight, time, and costs. Because adhesives are often applied continuously and ...

In response to the marked number of injection-induced earthquakes in north-central Oklahoma, regulators recently called for a 40% reduction in the volume of saltwater being injected in the seismically active areas. We present a calibrated statistical model that predicts that widely felt M ≥ 3 earthquakes in the affected areas, as well as the probability of potentially damaging larger events, sh...

Goebel et al. question our forecasted response of induced seismicity to reduction of saltwater injection rates in north-central Oklahoma and raise the concern that "the probability of future damaging earthquakes may be underestimated." We compare our prediction to earthquake data recorded in the 8 months after publication. Observed seismicity rates and magnitudes agree with the forecast of our ...