The increase in the number of vehicles during past twenty years has dramatically increased traffic density and axial loading. In addition to construction failures lack periodic maintenance, rapid deterioration road condition happens. So, it was necessary find solutions these problems that have been growing for years. One is improve asphalt mixture resist excessive loads weather fluctuations. Th...

The combination of pavement rutting, poor road alignment, and extreme adverse weather will seriously threaten the driving safety vehicles, whereas only a few these factors are commonly concerned. This study aims to efficiently evaluate impacts various conditions on lateral stability vehicle produce practical recommendation for maintenance in what concerns rutting. A systematic framework was, th...

Since the 1960s, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) pavement surfaces have been used successfully in Germany on heavily trafficked roads. Because of its excellent performance characteristics, road authorities in Germany as well as major European Countries quickly adopted SMA as a standard wearing course. As a consequence of an asphalt study tour in Europe of an American delegation in 1990, SMA test sec...

This study considers a road rutting model better-suited for the flexible pavements in low-volume roads of India. The on directly affects various aspects such as pavement performance, safety, driving comfort, and travel time. Accordingly, this is conducted 173 test sections roads, mathematical developed using multiple regression analysis. In model, response variable, whereas commercial vehicles ...

BACKGROUND A fundamental life history question is how individuals should allocate resources to reproduction optimally over time (reproductive allocation). The reproductive restraint hypothesis predicts that reproductive effort (RE; the allocation of resources to current reproduction) should peak at prime-age, whilst the terminal investment hypothesis predicts that individuals should continue to...